Muscle Function and Tenderness Differences in Headache Patients

Muscle Function and Tenderness in Migraine, Tension-Type Headache, and Posttraumatic Headache Patients: a Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study aims to compare muscle function of the neck, and shoulder and muscle tenderness in three groups of headache patients: migraine, tension-type headache, and posttraumatic headache. The study will evaluate muscle tenderness through the Total Tenderness Score (TTS) and muscle function through maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and rate of force development (RFD). Additionally, functional assessments such as the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Test (CCFT) and Ito Test will be performed.

Inclusion Criteria:Criteria: Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18 to 65 years.
• Diagnosis of migraine, tension-type headache, or posttraumatic headache, occurring at least 10 days per month.
• For tension-type headache patients, maximum of 3 days per month with migraine.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy.
• Significant psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., severe depression).
• Medication-overuse headache.
• Severe osteoarthritis in the neck or shoulder, or cervical disc herniation.

Exclusion Criteria:

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