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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| BAP20172TP32576 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Mersin University Scientific Research Projects Commission |
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The aim of this study is to investigate whether neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) training coupled with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous aerobic training has an effect on the metabolic, cardiovascular and hormonal components compared to respective training protocols without concurrent NMES as a exercise performance enhancement strategy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of baseline anthropometric, demographic and physiological components | Experimental |
| |
| Completion of MICT, MICT+NMES, HIIT, and HIIT+NMES protocols | Experimental |
| |
| Assessment of post-test anthropometric, demographic and physiological components | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IGF-1 | Other | The effects of NMES coupled with HIIT and MICT on IGF-1 and substrate metabolism has not been studied earlier. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (Tanita 418-MA, Japan) | Weight (kg) Total body fat (kg) Total muscle mass (kg) The anthropometric parameters were assessed using Bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita 418- MA Japan) before all testing sessions. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Height (cm) via a stadiometer (Holtain Ltd., UK). | Height was measured through a stadiometer in the standing position (Holtain Ltd., Crymych, UK). | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Heart rate (bpm) via 12-lead ECG | Heart rate was monitored and recorded throughout baseline and follow-up screenings and all training sessions using 12-lead ECG. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Blood Lactate Concentration (mmol/L) via Lactate Pro 2 analyzer | In each GXT testing session (pre-post), blood samples were collected from the earlobe using a Lactate Pro 2 handheld analyzer (LT-1730, Arkray Inc, Kyoto, Japan) to determine blood lactate concentrations testing session (baseline) and at the end of every two minutes interval. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| SERUM INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1 ng/mL) | A 5 mL fasting blood sample was drawn from the brachial vein 30 minutes before baseline and follow-up IVO2max tests to measure serum IGF-1 concentrations. Participants rested for 15 minutes before sample collection. Samples were stored at -80 °C and analyzed post-study. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured using Elabscience ELISA kits (detection range: 1.56-100 ng/mL; sensitivity: 0.94 ng/mL) per the manufacturer's instructions. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- All participants were healthy with no musculoskeletal injuries and had not participated in lower-body resistance training for six months prior to the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nevzat Demirci, PhD | Mersin University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mersin University | Yenişehir | Mersin | 33343 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007334 | Insulin-Like Growth Factor I |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013002 | Somatomedins |
| D000096764 | Insulin-Like Peptides |
| D036341 | Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins |
| D010455 | Peptides |
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| VO2 - Volume of oxygen (ml/kg/min) VCO2 - Volume of carbon dioxide (ml/kg/min) | During all sessions, VO2 and VCO2 were measured using indirect calorimetry (CareFusion MasterScreen CPX) on an Ergoline Ergoselect 100/200 cycle ergometer. Data was averaged over 15-second intervals during all baseline and follow-up screenings and all training sessions. VO2 and VCO2 were also used to calculate respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during all sessions dividing the VCO2 by VO2. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Energy expenditure (L/min) via indirect calorimetry (CareFusion MasterScreen CPX). | During all sessions, energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry (CareFusion MasterScreen CPX). Data was averaged over 15-second intervals, and substrate utilization was calculated using standard formulas.
| From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) Protocol | The NMES protocol was administered via a four-channel COMPEX SP4.0 (Medicompex SA, Ecublens, Switzerland) electric muscle stimulator using biphasic symmetric rectangular pulsed currents set at 300 μs. COMPEX self-adhesive electrodes were used during muscle stimulation with the COMPEX device. Positive snap electrodes (5×5 cm) with a membrane depolarization that stimulate a 25 cm2 area of the muscle surface were placed on the proximal insertion of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. The other negative electrode (10×5 cm), measuring 50 cm2 was placed over the femoral triangle, 1-3 cm below the inguinal ligament. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| Low-frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) | The low-frequency NMES protocol was administered via a four-channel COMPEX SP4.0 (Medicompex SA, Ecublens, Switzerland) electric muscle stimulator using biphasic symmetric rectangular pulsed currents set at 200 μs. Low-frequency NMES protocol was performed with a duty cycle of 20 seconds on (stimulating) and 20 seconds off (no stimulation) and the pulse width was set at 300 μs (warm-up frequency: 3 Hz, training frequency: 20 Hz, wave: square waveform) to the quadriceps muscle throughout 24 sessions. The duration of training was 30 minutes for sessions 1-6, 36 minutes for sessions 7-12, 42 minutes for sessions 13-18, and 48 minutes for sessions 19-24. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| High-frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) | High-frequency NMES protocol was administered via a four-channel COMPEX SP4.0 (Medicompex SA, Ecublens, Switzerland) electric muscle stimulator using biphasic symmetric rectangular pulsed currents set at 300 μs. High-freqeuncy NMES protocol consisted of a 5-minute warm-up (65% VO2max) followed by a 1-minute exercise at 120% VO2max and then a 1-minute "loadless" cycling. This interval was repeated 8 times in sessions 1-6 and progressed to 14 repeated intervals by the 24th session. Participants also received an additional NMES treatment with a duty cycle of 12 seconds on (stimulating) and 8 seconds off (no stimulation) and a pulse width of 300 μs (training frequency: 45-60 Hz, wave: square waveform) to the quadriceps muscle throughout 24 sessions. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D001798 | Blood Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |