The purpose of this study is to determine whether telerehabilitation is as effective as in-person rehabilitation in treating patients with chronic back pain in actual clinical practice settings.T he study will recruit eighty-four individuals with chronic LBP, who will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: telerehabilitation (TR) or the control group, who will receive standard clinic therapy. The TR group will be treated remotely via phone calls and the Zoom platform. The intervention program will be customized according to the requirements and abilities of each patient. It will include self-management skills, education and support, including Pain Neuroscience Education , and customized exercises.

Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged 18 and above with non-specific chronic low back pain more than 12 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria: Cancer, systematic or neurological diseases, fracture, recent surgery on the spine and/or extremities, cognitive impairment, pregnant women, and communication barriers or other medical conditions contraindicating TR. If there is any presence of red flags, such as cauda equina syndrome, spinal infection, spinal compression fractures, spinal stress fractures, ankylosing spondylitis, or aneurysm will also be excluded.