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The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback in management of heroin craving .
Substance use disorder is characterized by physiological dependence accompanied by the withdrawal syndrome upon abstinence from the drug, psychological dependence, tolerance, expressed in the escalation of the dose needed to achieve a desired euphoric state , and craving which is a pathological motivational state that leads to active drug-seeking behavior which leads to relapse . substance use disorder is a chronic, relapsing mental disease that results from the prolonged effects of drugs on the brain.
Narcotic drugs addiction is recurrent and chronic mental illness with severe motivational disorders and loss of behavioral control.
Craving is a penchant and persistent desire of drugs consumption, if it is not met, will have Psychological and physical sufferings, such as fatigue, anorexia, anxiety, insomnia, aggression, and depression. Also, voracity is very strong sense and urgent desiring to one thing, so that any possibility of focusing on something other than the asked subject is impossible. EEG biofeedback is an operant conditioning technique used to reinforce certain waves and inhibit others, in heroin patients, there is a decrease in mean alpha wave and SMR wave amplitude which persist and excess beta wave activity which abolished after 3 months of abstinence , increase in mean SMR wave amplitude lead to decrease impulsivity and improve attention , increase in alpha wave mean amplitude , decrease anxiety which accompany craving .
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEG biofeedback beside pharmacotherapy group | Experimental | Patients with heroin use disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition), treated by pharmacological ( symptomatic treatment only ) in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback device after 3 months of abstinence. |
|
| pharmacotherapy group | Other | Patients with heroin use disorder taken as control group matching with patients group in terms of age, gender, daily heroin use and duration of use , treated only by pharmacotherapy ( symptomatic treatment only). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback | Other | Patients with heroin use disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition), treated by pharmacological in addition to electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback after 3 months of abstinence. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Brief substance craving scale( BSCS) | Brief substance craving scale ( BSCS): It is a self-report instrument to assess craving for heroin abuse over a 24 hour period. Patients were asked to complete a scale, rating the intensity, frequency and length of their cravings. Ratings were then scored on a scale of 0 to 12 (0) meaning no cravings- (12) meaning the patient was experiencing severe craving.
| 14 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback | Assessment of mean brain waves amplitude by EEG biofeedback device "Thought technology Ltd Flex Comp Infinti" ( used as treatment and assessment device ) , only assessment methods for both group, and treatment method to experimental group. we use two protocols in experimental group : ten sessions of SMR /Theta protocol and another ten of alpha / Theta protocol every other day for 50 minutes we asses mean SMR wave amplitude to both groups at base line , then after completion of sessions , one and two months after. we assess also mean Alpha wave amplitude to both groups at base line , then after completion of sessions , one and two months after. there was an increase in both SMR and Alpha wave mean amplitude in experimental group in comparison to control group, this means decrease impulsivity and increase attention (SMR wave amplitude increase ), decrease anxiety by increase in mean alpha wave amplitude . |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
All persons included in this study are males.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanta University | Tanta | El-Gharbia | 31527 | Egypt |
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.
After the end of study for one year.
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001676 | Biofeedback, Psychology |
| D004358 | Drug Therapy |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
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we use EEG Biofeedback device for correction of abnormal wave amplitude in heroin addict patients after three months of abstinence aiming to decrease craving beside traditional pharmacotherapy
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|
| Pharmacotherapy | Drug | Patients with heroin use disorder taken as control group matching with patients group treated only by pharmacotherapy |
|
|
| 14 months |
| General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) | The 12-Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) consists of 12 items, each one assessing the severity of a mental problem over the past few weeks using a 4-point Likert-type scale (from 0 to 3). The score was used to generate a total score ranging from 0 to 36. The positive items were corrected from 0 (always) to 3 (never) and the negative ones from 3 (always) to 0 (never). High scores indicate worse health. It includes three factors, namely Anxiety and Depression, Social Dysfunction, and Loss of Confidence.
| 14 months |
| D011613 |
| Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D030141 | Feedback, Psychological |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |