This group included 22 patients with pressure ulcer who received microcurrent therapy 8 weeks (3times /daily) in addition to their physical therapy program (circulatory exercise,stretching exercise, and ROM ex.) and medical treatment

This group included 22 patients with pressure ulcers who received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation 8 weeks (3 times daily) in addition to their physical therapy program (circulatory exercise, stretching exercise, and range of motion exercise) and medical treatment.

The study uses a four-channel microcurrent therapy device to treat pressure ulcers. The treatment involves applying four electrodes to the area around the ulcer, ensuring microcurrent passage throughout the wound bed. The treatment is done three times a day, lasting 35-40 minutes. The microcurrents are delivered in a monophasic, pulsed, square-form wave pulse with a voltage of 21 mV, an intensity of 42 µA, and a current density of 4.2 µA/cm.

The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing is a tool used to measure ulcer healing. It assesses the length x width of the ulcer (measuring the greatest length-head to toe-and the greatest width-side to side-using a centimeter ruler). It scores from 0-surface area of 0 cm²-to 10-surface area >24 cm²); The total score of pressure ulcer healing is calculated by adding three sub-scores, ranging from 0 (completely healed) to 17 (worst wound state), and comparing it at each time point indicates improvement or deterioration.

The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing is a tool used to measure ulcer healing.It assesses exudate amount (classified as none: score 0; light: score 1; moderate: score 2; or heavy: score 3); The total score of pressure ulcer healing is calculated by adding three sub-scores, ranging from 0 (completely healed) to 17 (worst wound state), and comparing it at each time point indicates improvement or deterioration.

The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing is a tool used to measure ulcer healing. It assesses tissue type (score 1: superficial wound with epithelial tissue; score 2: the wound is clean and contains granulation tissue; score 3: there is any amount of slough present; score 4:necrotic tissue is present). If the wound is closed, the score is 0.

The total score of pressure ulcer healing is calculated by adding three sub-scores, ranging from 0 (completely healed) to 17 (worst wound state), and comparing it at each time point indicates improvement or deterioration.

Medical Doppler ultrasound is used in clinical adjustments to evaluate blood flow in major and minor vessels. It shows normal and abnormal sign waveforms using spectral Doppler technique, which is individual to each vessel. Understanding normal and abnormal diagnostics is crucial for operators and clinicians