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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| PNURSP2025R424 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University | OTHER |
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The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effects of a standard school physical education program (SPEP) and a rhythmic and gymnastic activities-based school physical education program (RGPEP) on the physical and motor fitness parameters of Malaysian primary school children.
This randomized controlled trial evaluates the impact of two distinct physical education programs on the physical and motor fitness of Malaysian primary school children. The intervention group participates in a rhythmic and gymnastic activities-based physical education program (RGPEP), designed to enhance balance, coordination, flexibility, and agility through structured, progressive activities. The control group follows the standard school physical education program (SPEP) in line with the national curriculum, which emphasizes general fitness and physical activity without specific rhythmic or gymnastic components.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhythmic and Gymnastics-Based Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm received 80 sessions of a Rhythmic and Gymnastics-Based Physical Education Program (RGPEP) over an academic year. The program focused on rhythmic skills, gymnastics patterns, and movement-based activities designed to enhance motor and physical fitness. |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | Participants in this arm followed the standard Malaysian school physical education curriculum, which included 60 minutes of physical education and 30 minutes of health education per week, as prescribed by the Malaysian Ministry of Education. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhythmic and Gymnastic Activities-Based School Physical Education Program | Behavioral | A structured, year-long school-based physical education program integrating rhythmic movements, gymnastics, and small equipment exercises designed to enhance motor and physical fitness. The program included 80 sessions (two per week) focusing on rhythmic activities such as twisting, partner balance, animal walks, tumbling, and rope exercises. The intervention aimed to improve strength, flexibility, agility, and cardiovascular endurance compared to traditional physical education classes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Standing Broad Jump | The standing broad jump test measures lower body power in centimeters. Participants will perform a jump from a standing position, and the longest distance recorded will be used for analysis. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| 20-Meter Sprint | Sprint speed will be assessed using a 20-meter sprint test. The time taken (in seconds) to complete the distance will be recorded. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| 4 × 10-Meter Shuttle Run | Agility and speed will be measured using a 4 × 10-meter shuttle run test. Time to complete the test (in seconds) will be recorded. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Push-Ups | Upper body endurance will be assessed using the push-up test. The number of correctly executed push-ups performed will be recorded. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Sit and Reach Test | Flexibility will be assessed using the sit and reach test. The maximum reach distance (in centimeters) will be recorded. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Multistage Shuttle Run Test | Cardiovascular endurance will be measured using the multistage shuttle run test. VO₂max (mL/kg/min) will be estimated based on performance. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Height | Standing height will be measured using a stadiometer and recorded in centimeters. | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Weight | Body weight will be measured using a digital scale and recorded in kilograms. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| Body Mass Index | BMI will be calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²). | Baseline (Month 0) and Post-Intervention (Month 12). |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063766 | Pediatric Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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