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Unlike other European countries, Italian kindergartens do not include the physical education teacher in the school organic personnel. This is frequently associated with the lack of opportunities to perform physical education by preschool children. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a specific 16-week-long physical education programme (PEP) of 16-week length on the development of locomotor and object control skills in preschool children.
We conducted a school-based non-randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a specific 16-week-long physical education program (PEP) on the quotient of gross motor development (QGMD) in preschool children. This study involved 119 children who were clustered in a control group (CG, n= 29, age: 52.1±8.65 months; height: 1.1±0.07 m, body weight: 19.2±5.55 Kg, BMI: 16.9±3.16) and an intervention group (IG, n= 90, age: 57.4±9.42 months; height: 1.1±0.06 m, body weight: 19.3±3.65 Kg, BMI: 16±1.75). Participants were assessed for locomotor ability and object control skills using the Italian version of gross motor development test, before and after the experimental period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Physical activity intervention |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Keep usual activities in kindergarten |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| physical activity | Other | Physical education program (PEP) of 16-week length |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quotient of gross motor development change | Quotient of gross motor development | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| BMI | Body mass index | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |
| Weight | Weight | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Marianna Bellafiore | University of Palermo | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31474231 | Derived | Tabacchi G, Battaglia G, Alesi M, Paoli A, Palma A, Bellafiore M. Food literacy predictors and associations with physical and emergent literacy in pre-schoolers: results from the Training-to-Health Project. Public Health Nutr. 2020 Feb;23(2):356-365. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002404. Epub 2019 Sep 2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Height | Height | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |
| Object control skills change | Object control | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |
| Locomotion skills change | locomotion | Change from Baseline at 16 weeks |