The aim of this study was to identify and quantify microplastics in the stomach, liver, feces, and blood of obese patients to be treated with bariatric surgery by using a variety of advanced analytical techniques to explore the association between obesity and visceral microplastics, and to investigate the effects of microplastics on the visceral microbiota and metabolic profiles of obese patients by combining the macro-genomic and metabolomics approaches.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years old;
• BMI ≧30;
• proposed to undergo bariatric surgery and need to remove part of the liver tissue for fatty liver test;
• complete clinical data and basic information;
• willing to participate in the study and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy;
• have other history of digestive diseases;
• combined with malignant tumors;
• have serious cardiorespiratory insufficiency and other systemic diseases that affect the choice of treatment plan;
• not willing to participate in this study.

patients diagnosed with obesity

Individual participant data was not allowed sharing in our ethics committee.