Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Investigation of the Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses Used During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) on Patients' Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort Levels: A Randomized Controlled

Effect of Virtual Reality Glasses on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort During ESWL

Inclusion Criteria:

• being 18 years of age or older,
• scheduled for elective ESWL due to renal or ureteral calculi,
• being conscious and able to communicate,
• voluntarily participated in the study after providing written informed consent,
• absence of coagulopathy or bleeding disorders,
• having a single radiopaque renal or ureteral calculus measuring ≤ 10 mm in diameter.

Exclusion Criteria:

• visual or auditory impairments preventing the use of virtual reality glasses,
• psychiatric or neurological disorders that could interfere with perception of the intervention,
• a diagnosis of epilepsy,
• the presence of multiple renal or ureteral calculi,
• abdominal arterial aneurysm, urinary diversion or urinary obstruction,
• the use of any sedatives or anxiolytics before or during the procedure.