Boxing, Taekwondo and Elastic Band Training on Body Compo... | NCT06780020

Status Module

Description Module

Detailed Description

Study Design In this study there is a randomized controlled trial, repeated measures, double-blinded participants and evaluators, and a quantitative approach for three parallel groups: BOX group, TKD group and EBT group. The randomization process was performed using the research randomizer website (https://www.randomizer.org, accessed March 1, 2023). CONSORT standards were used as the methodology. In addition, the protocol has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov in the United States (code: ). The duration of the interventions was 8 weeks (16 sessions), including two weekly sessions on Tuesdays and Thursdays of sixty minutes each. Morphological variables (BMI, body fat percentage and fat-free mass), and functional performance, MIHS dominant and non-dominant hand, 30-second chair stand, TUG, sit and reach, back scratch and 2-minute walk were evaluated. Each measurement was performed at the same place (sports center and social headquarters) and in the afternoon, from 14:00 to 16:00, with the factors under control, including temperature, and the evaluators performing the pre- and post-measurements. With no musculoskeletal and/or cardiorespiratory injuries during the intervention, the older women showed no pain before the evaluations or during the training sessions.

Participants Sixty-three older women participated in the intervention at first. The optimal number of participants per group, according to the sample size calculation, was 10. Statistical power was calculated with the program GPower (version 3.1.9.6, Franz Faul, UniversiätKiel, Kiel, Germany). According to a previous study, the minimum difference necessary for significant clinical relevance was determined to be a mean difference of 0.50 s in the TUG, with a standarddeviation of 0.93 s, taking into account an alpha level of 0.05 with a power of 95% and a predicted loss of 10%. The inclusion requirements were: (i) women between 60 and 65 years of age; (ii) who demonstrated the ability to understand and execute instructions in a contextualized manner through basic directives; (iii) who were independent, according to a score of at least 43 points on the Chilean Ministry of Health's Preventive Medicine Examination for Older Adults; and (iv) who met the requirement of attendance at the intervention of at least 85%. In relation to the exclusion criteria, the following were taken into account (i) having a disability; (ii) undergoing physical rehabilitation or having musculoskeletal injuries that prevent them from performing their usual physical activities; and (iii) being permanently or temporarily unable to participate in physical activities. As for exclusion criteria, the following were taken into account: (i) suffering from a disability of any type; (ii) suffering from a musculoskeletal injury or receiving physical rehabilitation therapy that prevents them from performing their usual physical activity; and (iii) being unable to perform physical activity, either temporarily or permanently. To be included in the final analysis, participants who met the inclusion criteria also had to complete at least 85% of the training sessions and attend all evaluation sessions. The inclusion criteria are summarized in Figure 1.

Design Module

Interventional Study Design

Biospecimen

No data available

No data is available for this block.

Arms/Interventions Module

Arm Groups

Label	Type	Description	Intervention Names
Taekwondo group	Experimental	The TKD program was non-contact exercises (main part), which were broken up into 10 min of fundamental positions and particular technical foundations with the upper body (blocks and strikes) and 20 min of lower body technical foundations (movement, positions, and kicks), performed individually and in pairs with and without the use of taekwondo impact pads and shields; also, specific choreographies or poomsae (Kibom Poomsae and Il Jang) were performed for 10 min. During the first two weeks of training, three sets of eight repetitions of specific upper and lower limb technical fundamentals were performed, with a two-minute rest between sets . Weeks 3 to 5 saw an increase in volume, to four sets of eight repetitions for specific technical fundamentals, with a two-minute rest between sets. The sets were maintained at four during weeks 6, while the number of repetitions was increased to 12. Finally, the rest period was reduced to 90 s between weeks 7 and 8, while maintaining th	Other: Effects of different interventions using taekwondo
Boxing	Experimental	For the BOX program, non-contact exercises were performed, during the main part of the class participants learned basic guard position movements, execution of isolated punches, and punch combinations. Rope jumping techniques were taught, including the swinging and rope jumping movement, ending with mental performance stimulation exercises such as breathing techniques, visualization and mental rehearsal, goal setting, and self-talk. The specific elements of each class varied beyond the 4 weeks, with a progression from learning simple exercises and simple drills and "fundamentals" to learning more complex movements and combinations. During the first two weeks of training, three sets of eight repetitions of basic movements and isolated punching techniques were performed with a two-minute rest between sets. Weeks 3 to 5 saw an increase in volume, to four sets of eight repetitions incorporating the execution of punch combinations (3 to 4 punches), with a two-minute rest between s	Other: Effects of different interventions using boxing

Interventions

Name	Type	Description	Arm Group Labels	Other Names
Effects of different interventions using boxing	Other	The programs were designed to consist of 8 weeks (16 sessions) with a warm-up consisting of joint mobility and low-intensity aerobic activities, a 40-minute core component BOX and a 10-minute cool-down with static flexibility exercises.

Outcomes Module

Primary Outcomes

Measure	Description	Time Frame
Bipedal height	Bipedal height was measured using a stadiometer (Seca model 220, SECA, Hamburg,Germany; accuracy to 0.1 cm).	8 weeks
Body weight	body weight was calculated using a mechanical scale(Scale-tronix, Chicago, IL, USA; accuracy to 0.1 kg) while wearing the barest minimum of clothing.	8 weeks
Thirty-Second Chair Stand (30-s chair stand)	The 30-s chair stand test counts the number of repetitions performed while sitting on the chair, with arms resting on the chest, for thirty seconds. It was designed to assess the muscular strength of the lower limbs. After three attempts with a recovery of 120 s between each, the best of the three efforts was attained.	8 weeks
Timed Up-and-Go (TUG)	The TUG test was carried out in accordance with previous recommendations. The person must get out of an arm-supported chair, travel a 3-m hallway, turn around, and return to the chair. They must swiftly record the best of three trials after completing them. Two assessors recorded the time using single-beam photocells (Brower Timing System, Draper, UT, USA); the best three attempts were statistically analyzed.	8 weeks
Sit-and-Reach Test	Utilizing the sit-and-reach test, flexibility was assessed. Subjects were seated forward in a chair with a fixed back, one leg bent on the floor and the other left straight. The left or right leg may be used to run comfortably; however, the post-test measured the same leg as the pre-test. After correcting the position once again, the case of another bent leg evaluates flexibility by executing two attempts using the higher number to determine the result.	8 weeks

Eligibility Module