Effects of Adapted Taekwondo Versus Conventional Training on Anthropometric Variables and Physical Function in Older Women With Abdominal Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Effects of Adapted Taekwondo Versus Conventional Training on Anthropometric Variables and Physical Function in Older Women With Abdominal Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of TKD on anthropometric and physical function parameters in older women with abdominal obesity, compared with conventional exercise interventions such as MCT, and WE. We hypothesized that TKD would produce greater improvements in abdominal fat and physical function than MCT and WE in older women with abdominal obesity.
This study was designed as a randomized, repeated-measures, double-blind controlled trial with a quantitative approach and three parallel intervention arms: taekwondo training (TKD), multicomponent training (MCT), and walking exercise (WE). The intervention period lasted 16 weeks, comprising 48 sessions delivered three times per week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, with each session lasting 60 min. The outcomes assessed included anthropometric indicators, such as BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass, as well as physical function, maximal isometric handgrip strength, and postural balance. All evaluations were conducted in the morning, between 10:00 and 12:00, at the same facilities, including the sports center and community headquarters. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, were controlled, and the same evaluators performed the baseline and post-intervention assessments. No musculoskeletal or cardiorespiratory injuries were reported during the intervention period, and participants did not report pain either before the assessments or during the training sessions.
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