• Typing of gut microbiota, metabolome and immunological signatures (IL 1b family and GLP-2 as starting point) in patients with CD and SBS/IF and in two cohorts of patients with CD, respectively at low and high risk of SBS /IF.
• Combining data from gut microbiota, metabolome and immunological analysis using tools based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
• Creation of a stool Biobank of categories of patients with Crohn's disease at high risk of SBS/IF and of patients with SBS with or without clinical symptoms of IF.

The study includes an initial evaluation in which faecal samples will be collected, a blood sample will be taken and an ileocolonoscopy with biopsies will be performed (additional biopsy in conjunction with a biopsy from clinical practice for study-specific analyses).

Patients will then be reevaluated nine months after the initial evaluation. In particular, fecal, blood and additional biopsy samples will be collected in conjunction with clinical practice biopsy and all treatment modifications will be recorded.

This section focuses on characterizing the gut microbiota composition in patients with Crohn's disease at risk of SBS/IF. Advanced sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools will be used to analyze the relative abundance of microbial species associated with SBS/IF risks.

Unit of Measure: percentage or relative abundance of microbial taxa. Objective: To identify microbiota profiles predictive of dysbiosis and their association with SBS/IF risk factors.

This section emphasizes the analysis of metabolic profiles. Key metabolites associated with SBS/IF risk will be quantified using mass spectrometry and other advanced chemical analysis techniques.

Unit of Measure: metabolite concentration (e.g., µM, mM). Objective: To understand how metabolic variations influence the development of SBS/IF and support the design of targeted nutritional interventions.

This section investigates the characterization of immunological biomarkers. Specific levels of the IL-1β family and GLP-2 will be measured as indicators of immune response and intestinal repair mechanisms.

Unit of Measure: concentration (pg/mL). Objective: To identify immunological signatures associated with an increased risk of SBS/IF and optimize biomarker-based therapeutic strategies.