The Effect of Music on Pain and Anxiety During Diagnostic Outpatient Hysteroscopy in Postmenopausal Women

Effect of Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Satisfaction During Outpatient Hysteroscopy in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether calming instrumental music reduces pain and anxiety and improves satisfaction during outpatient hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women.

This randomized controlled trial included postmenopausal women undergoing diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy for postmenopausal bleeding or abnormal transvaginal ultrasound findings suggestive of intrauterine pathology. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive calming instrumental music during the procedure or standard care without background music. The study assessed procedural pain, postprocedural pain, anxiety, patient satisfaction, operator-rated ease of hysteroscope insertion, procedure duration, intrauterine pathology detection, and adverse events.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Postmenopausal women undergoing diagnostic outpatient hysteroscopy for postmenopausal bleeding and/or abnormal transvaginal ultrasound findings suggestive of intrauterine pathology.
• Exclusion Criteria:

Cervical pathology; previous cervical surgery that could interfere with hysteroscope passage; retroverted uterus; severe vaginal bleeding; known hearing impairment; psychiatric illness.