laser photo biomodulation (PBM) as a supplement to socket seal surgery

the role of PBM therapy as an adjunct for bioactive glass graft in SSS approaches

Inclusion Criteria:

• Presence of at least a periodontal-affected and non-restorable tooth in posterior region (Class II sockets).
• At least 10% plaque control scoring was accepted
• A moderate to thick gingival phenotype

Exclusion Criteria:

• systemic diseases or conditions that may compromise healing or bone metabolism,
• having a history of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or bisphosphonate therapy, previous use of antibiotics in the last 3