Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is a therapeutic technique that uses rhythmic auditory cues, like a metronome or music, to improve motor control and coordination. It is often used in rehabilitation for conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other movement disorders to enhance gait and other motor functions through the synchronization of movements to auditory rhythms.

The Modified Barthel Index (MBI) is a crucial tool for assessing functional independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) among patients, particularly those recovering from stroke or other debilitating conditions. It evaluates 10 key self-care and mobility tasks, including feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, and mobility. Each task is scored based on the level of assistance required, with total scores ranging from 0 (complete dependence) to 100 (complete independence). Higher scores indicate greater independence.

A goniometer is an instrument used to measure the angle of joints in the body, typically to assess the range of motion (ROM). It is commonly used in physical therapy, rehabilitation, and orthopedics to evaluate joint function and monitor progress in patients recovering from injury or surgery. Range of motions of upper limb measured through this goniometer."