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Orthodontic patients face unique challenges in maintaining optimal oral hygiene due to the presence of fixed orthodontic appliances, which tend to increase plaque retention, leading to gingival inflammation. Oral Health Literacy (OHL) plays a role in an individual's ability to understand and implement oral hygiene instructions effectively. Mobile oral health interventions involve the use of mobile technology such as smartphones to improve oral hygiene practices and outcomes.
Aim of the study: To assess the effectiveness of a mobile oral health intervention using WhatsApp messages as compared to standard oral hygiene instructions on oral hygiene status and OHL level among orthodontic patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile Oral Health Intervention | Experimental | Mobile oral health intervention in addition to oral hygiene instructions |
|
| Control | No Intervention | oral hygiene instructions only |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile Oral Health Intervention | Behavioral | 46 messages delivered over a 3-month period (12 weeks) via WhatsApp |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Health Literacy | oral health literacy as measured by the Oral Health Literacy - Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ). Scores of all questions answered by participants will be added to obtain the overall score of OHL ranging from 0 to 17. Scores are categorized into three groups: Inadequate (0-9), Borderline (10-11), and Adequate (12-17) OHL level | Change from baseline to 1 month, 3 months, 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oral Hygiene | assessed by the Silness-Löe Plaque Index (PI) to provide mean PI score for each tooth ranging from 0 to 3. | Change from baseline to 1 month, 3 months, 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nermine Balbaa, BDS | Contact | 01271119074 | 002 | balbaanermine@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nermine Balbaa, BDS | Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University | Recruiting | Alexandria | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38366912 | Background | Pubalan S, Zi Hong O, Yongxian T, Mabel L. Assessing effectiveness of WhatsApp messaging program in oral hygiene care for orthodontic patients: A randomised controlled trial. J Orthod. 2024 Dec;51(4):407-414. doi: 10.1177/14653125241230561. Epub 2024 Feb 17. | |
| 32635907 | Background | Cho HA, Im AJ, Sim YR, Jang HB, Lim HJ. The association between oral health literacy and oral health behaviors in North Korean defectors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2020 Jul 7;20(1):1074. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08550-7. |
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| 41382113 | Derived | Balbaa NM, Hamza MA, Abdelaziz WE, Adham MM. Effectiveness of mobile oral health intervention on orthodontic patients' oral hygiene and oral health literacy: a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2025 Dec 12;26(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-07423-y. |