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The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.
The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Propel, Essentia, Smart | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Propel, Smart, Essentia | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Essentia, Smart, Propel | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Essentia, Propel, Smart | Active Comparator |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berry Propel Fitness Water | Dietary Supplement | Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Net Fluid Balance | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Richard J Bloomer, PhD | University of Memphis | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research | Memphis | Tennessee | 38152 | United States |
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semi-blinded
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treatments labeled A-C. Subjects will be provided the beverage in plastic cups without product labels
Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Smart, Essentia, Propel | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Smart, Propel, Essentia | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate | Dietary Supplement | Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes |
|
| Smart Water | Dietary Supplement | Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes. |
|
| 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 150 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Body Mass | Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Body Mass | Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |