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No studies to date to evaluate the effects of the three different liquid IV electrolyte products on the beverage hydration index (BHI). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of three different LIV products (Hydration multiplier, Sugar Free formulation with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free with allulose) on hydration status in young and active men and women compared to a control (water). The study will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and BHI (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance, as well as determining electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, specific gravity, and sodium and potassium in urine.
Many attempts have been made to improve and measure the hydration status of active individuals. This typically involves the ingestion of fluids leading up to activity (typically plain water), as well as the ingestion of fluids during the activity itself (water, along with a diluted carbohydrate/electrolyte beverage). This approach seems to work well; however, some debate remains over what the best fluid is to consume, in particular related to the macronutrient type and the specific electrolyte mix.
No studies to date to evaluate the effects of the three different liquid IV electrolyte products on the beverage hydration index (BHI). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of three different LIV products (Hydration multiplier, Sugar Free formulation with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free with allulose) on hydration status in young and active men and women compared to a control (water). The study will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and BHI (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance, as well as determining electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, specific gravity, and sodium and potassium in urine.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Water, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Multiplier |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiplier | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will consume 1 Liter (2 servings) of commercially available Hydration Multiplier product at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Beverage Hydration Index | Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Net Fluid Balance | Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Richard Bloomer, PhD | Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research | Memphis | Tennessee | 38152 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
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Semi-blinded, placebo controlled, crossover design
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Treatments will be labeled A-D. Subjects will be provided prepared beverages prepared in cup.
| Experimental |
Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Water, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Water, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Water, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Sugar Free, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Multiplier, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Sugar Free, and Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar Free | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Water, and Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Multiplier | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Water | Experimental | Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected. |
|
| Sugar Free | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will consume 1 Liter (2 servings) of experimental Sugar Free Hydration Multiplier product at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes. |
|
| Sugar Free with Amino Acids | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will consume 1 Liter (2 servings) of commercially available Sugar Free Hydration Multiplier product that contains amino acids at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes. |
|
| Water | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will consume 1 Liter of water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes. |
|
| 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Net Fluid Balance | Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Osmolality | Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Sodium | Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Potassium | Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 150 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 0 minutes before beverage consumption urine |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption urine |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption urine |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption urine |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption urine |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption urine |
| Sodium balance | Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Sodium balance | Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Sodium balance | Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Sodium balance | Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Sodium balance | Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Potassium balance | Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage. | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Potassium balance | Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage. | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Potassium balance | Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage. | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Potassium balance | Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage. | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Potassium balance | Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage. | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Body Mass | Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Body Mass | Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 0 minutes before beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 0 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 60 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 120 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 180 minutes after beverage consumption |
| Mood and Digestive Questionnaire | Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme) | 240 minutes after beverage consumption |
| D000838 |
| Anions |
| D007477 | Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |