This study will compare the retention rates for UPA vs. TNFi treatment in adult participants with moderate to severe active RA per local label and according to local standard of care

This is a mono-country, prospective, multi-center observational study in patients with moderate to severe active RA receiving UPA or TNFi therapy. Around 678 participants will be enrolled in approximately 80 sites in Germany.

Study recruitment will last approximately 24 months, and the study participation time will be up to 24 months, for a total study duration of approximately 48 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Current or Past participants with a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe active RA upon judgement of the treating physician.
• Physician decision on participant treatment with Upadacitinib (UPA) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) must have been reached prior to and independently of recruitment in the study
• UPA or TNFi prescribed in accordance with the applicable approved label and local regulatory and reimbursement policies

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participation in a clinical trial with an investigational drug (within a minimum of 30 days or 5 half-lives of the investigational drug [whichever is longer] prior to baseline)
• Prior treatment with Upadacitinib
• Prior treatment with the same tumor necrosis factor inhibitor as the one prescribed for this study

Participants with moderate to severe active Rheumatoid Arthritis receiving Upadcitinib or a Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment.