Solid organ transplantation (SOT), an alternative therapy for end-stage diseases, offers increased longevity and better quantity of life. Posttransplant complications such as gastrointestinal symptoms, infection, and graft rejection increase risk with graft failure and death. However, the treatment of abovementioned complications remains unsatisfactory. Gut dysbiosis has been reported in patients with SOT, especially in patients with posttransplant complications. Recipients are more susceptible to gut dysbiosis as long-term use of immunosuppressants, antibiotics and corticosteroids. Restoring gut microbiome may be a promising therapy for posttransplant complications. Washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is a newly improved methodology of fecal microbiota transplantation based on automatic facilities, washing process and a new delivery routine. In this study, investigators aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of WMT for postoperative complications in SOT.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. solid organ transplantation recipients;
2. suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pian), infection (e.g. Clostridium difficile, urinary infection) post-transplantation, graft rejection and so on;
3. is willing to undergo WMT and provide written informed consent;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients with history of gastrointestinal diseases or homologous pathogen infection pre-transplant;
2. pregnant or lactating females;
3. unable to understand the purpose of the study, communicate effectively with investigators and comply with all study procedures;
4. follow up less than 1-month post-WMT;
5. other conditions judged by investigators not suitable for study participation;