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The principle function of the lungs is the facilitation of the gaseous exchange, commonly referred as respiratory or breathing. Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on nearly every organ in the body, leading to a higher incidence of diseases and contributing to a gradual deterioration of the smoker's health.Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on nearly every organ in the body, leading to a higher incidence of diseases and contributing to a gradual deterioration of the smoker's health.
Cigarette smoking is linked to mild airway obstruction and a deceleration in the growth of lung function.Performing balloon-blowing exercises with abdominal and lumbar core muscles activation position leads to an improvement on pulmonary function and quality of life in smokers.
Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on nearly every organ in the body, leading to a higher incidence of diseases and contributing to a gradual deterioration of the smoker's health, including a progressive impairment of lung function. Cigarette smoking is linked to mild airway obstruction and a deceleration in the growth of lung function.
Smokers may experience inflammation and narrowing of their airways, resulting in increased resistance to the outward flow of air during exhalation. This restriction in airflow can negatively impact respiratory parameters, exercise tolerance, and overall quality of life.
Performing balloon-blowing exercises with abdominal and lumbar core muscles activation position leads to an improvement on pulmonary function and quality of life in smokers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interventional group | Experimental | Patients in this group will receive balloon -blowing exercise with abdominal & lumbar core muscle activation position Total 4 weeks protocol. Three sessions per week will be supervised by physical therapist. |
|
| Control group | Active Comparator | Patients will receive diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Total 4 weeks protocol. Before and after 4 weeks pre and post interventional values will be taken. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balloon-blowing exercises with abdominal & lumbar core muscle activation position. | Other | Patients in this group will recieve Balloon-blowing exercises with abdominal and lumbar core muscles activation position Total 4 weeks protocol will be followed in which 3 sessions per week will be supervised by physical therapist. FREQUENCY: 3 times a week, INTENSITY : Moderate, TIME: 4 sets of balloon-blowing with 1 min rest (30 mins) TYPE: Balloon-blowing with abdominal & lumbar core muscle activation position, DURATION : 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| FVC (forced vital capacity): | FVC (forced vital capacity): The amount of air that can be maximum forcefully be exhaled after taking deep breath. | 4 weeks |
| FEV1 | FEV1(Forced expiratory volume in 1 second): The volume of air that is forcefully exhaled in one second. | 4 weeks |
| FEV1/FVC | FEV1/FVC: The ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs. | 4 weeks |
| PEF (Peak expiratory flow) | PEF( Peak expiratory flow): Measurement of the highest speed at which a individual can exhale air from their lungs after a full inhalation. | 4 Weeks |
| Dyspnea | Evaluation will be done using mMRC dyspnea scale (0-4). 0 I only get breathless with strenuous exercise
| 4 Weeks |
| Quality of life of participant | Quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) will be used to evaluate smokers QOLSF-36 Questionnaire (0-100). Each question carries equal weight the lower the score the more the disability. The higher the score the lesser the disability. 0: Maximum disability 100: No disability |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Adults: aged (25-59 years)
Gender: Both males and females
Grade1- Grade 4 on Modified MRC dyspnea scale
COPD classes (mild, moderate ) according to GOLD COPD Guidelines
Participating voluntarily and follow the instructions & performing
The number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked.
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tooba Shahbaz, MS-CPT* | Contact | 0340-5416747 | tshahbaz59@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundation University College of Physical Therapy | Recruiting | Rawalpindi | Punjab Province | 46000 | Pakistan |
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This is a randomized controlled trial having two groups. One group will receive (interventional group) balloon-blowing exercises with abdominal & lumbar core muscles activation position.
and the other group (control group) will receive Diaphragmatic breathing exercise.
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|
| Diaphragmatic breathing exercise | Other | Participants in this group will only be receiving diaphragmatic breathing exercise for 4 weeks. FREQUENCY: 3 times a week , INTENSITY: Moderate, TIME: 4 sets of diaphragmatic breathing with 1 min rest, TYPE: Diaphragmatic breathing, DURATION: 4 weeks |
|
| 4 weeks |
| Oxygen saturation | Pulse oximeter will be used to measure oxygen saturation | 4 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D000073865 | Cigarette Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000073869 | Tobacco Smoking |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
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