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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme on breastfeeding self-efficacy, stress, depression, anxiety and breastfeeding awareness in women with perceived breast milk insufficiency.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme on breastfeeding self-efficacy, stress, depression, anxiety and breastfeeding awareness in women with perceived breast milk insufficiency.
The study is designed as a single-blind, randomised controlled trial. It will be conducted between November 2024 and January 2025 at the Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Diseases Education and Research Hospital.
Power analysis using G*Power showed that at least 35 samples would be sufficient for 2 groups with an effect size of 0.5, 95% power and 5% margin of error. Participants to be included in the groups were selected from the sample using a random sampling method with an equal distribution ratio (distribution ratio = 1:1).
Eligible women were randomised to the intervention group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). Women allocated to the intervention group received the MBSR programme. MBSR was scheduled for 4 weekly sessions of 30 minutes each. The control group received routine hospital care but no other intervention during this period.
The pre-test data for the study were collected by the researcher using face-to-face interviews, a personal information form with demographic questions and the measurement tools used in the study. After one week and at the end of 4 weeks, the same measurement tools were used to collect post-test data.
Participants were given information about the MBSR programme and told how, for how long, and where they would practise. The online MBSR programme was completed by the participants in a specific way for each session (with mind, body and breathing exercises). The MBSR programme was delivered in this way for 4 weeks (eight sessions in total, two sessions per week). In addition, participants were given homework (audio recordings) to repeat the mindfulness meditation practices throughout the week (until the next session). At the end of the fourth week, the measures were administered again to participants who had attended all eight sessions and completed their homework, and post-test data were collected.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Women assigned to the experimental group will receive mindfulness-based stress reduction training for 4 weeks. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Women assigned to the control group will receive routine postpartum care services provided in the same hospital's outpatient clinics. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction | Behavioral | An 4-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction training programme |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mindful Breastfeeding Scale (MIND-BFS) | The Mindful Breastfeeding Scale (MIND-BFS) is a 9-item measurement tool that evaluates awareness-based breastfeeding practices in the postpartum period. The scale is one-dimensional and was developed as a 5-point Likert type. Responses to the scale items vary from (1) Always to (5) Never. The total score to be obtained from the scale is scored between 9-45, and as the total score obtained from the scale increases, the awareness rate of breastfeeding also increases. | Day 1, Day 7, Day 30 after delivery |
| Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale | Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Dennis in 1999 and consists of 33 items. Later, the scale was reduced to 14 items by Dennis in 2003 and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form was developed. The Turkish validity and reliability of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short form was performed by AluÅŸ Tokat and Okumus in 2009. This scale assesses how competent mothers feel about breastfeeding. The scale consists of 14 items and includes a 5-point Likert-type evaluation consisting of Not sure at all: 1, Not very sure: 2, Sometimes I am sure: 3, I am sure: 4, Very sure: 5 options. The lowest score that can be obtained from the entire scale is 14 and the highest score is 70. A high score from the scale indicates a high perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy. | Day 1, Day 7, Day 30 after delivery |
| Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) | The scale consists of 21 items and three sub-dimensions. Each of the seven items that make up each sub-dimension of the scale measures depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS-21 scale is a four-point Likert-type scale and the items are evaluated between 0 and 3 (0 = not at all suitable for me, 1 = somewhat appropriate for me, 2 = usually suitable for me, 3 = completely suitable for me). There is no reverse item in the scale. The total scores of the scale range from 0 to 21 for each sub-dimension. In the validity and reliability study, the Cronbach-alpha coefficient was determined as 0.87 for the depression sub-dimension, 0.85 for the anxiety sub-dimension, and 0.81 for the stress sub-dimension. The Cronbach-alpha coefficient for the Turkish version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale was determined as 0.88 for the depression sub-dimension, 0.80 for the anxiety sub-dimension and 0.87 for the stress sub-dimension |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Famale
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Leyla Kaya, PhD | Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital | Istanbul | 34668 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000099024 | Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
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| Day 1, Day 7, Day 30 after delivery |
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | MSPSS is a 12-item scale that measures the adequacy of social support. It consists of 3 subgroups that include items about family, friends and social support from a special person. It consists of 4 items for each group and each item is graded on a 7-item likert scale. A high total score indicates a high level of perceived social support. | Day 1, Day 7, Day 30 after delivery |
| Insufficient Milk Perception Scale | The Insufficient Milk Perception Scale is a scale developed by McCarterSpaulding (2001) to measure mothers' beliefs about whether they produce sufficient milk. It consists of 6 questions. A minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 50 can be obtained from this scale. A high score indicates that the mother's perception of adequate milk is high | Day 1, Day 7, Day 30 after delivery |
| D004191 |
| Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |