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This observational study evaluates the impact of a Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program on primary school students in Extremadura, Spain. The study examines satisfaction levels and knowledge acquisition regarding pain neuroscience among students with and without intellectual disabilities. Conducted across both rural and urban educational centers, as well as special and regular education schools, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of PNE in enhancing pain-related knowledge and addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) awareness. Additionally, the program includes interactive educational activities tailored for accessibility, using resources such as easy-to-read questionnaires and hands-on models, to support inclusive health education. Data collection involves pre- and post-intervention questionnaires to assess satisfaction and knowledge gains, with statistical analysis exploring differences between demographic and school-type groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Students in Rural Public Schools | This group consists of primary school students from rural public schools in Extremadura, Spain, participating in a Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program. |
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| Students in Urban Public Schools | This group includes primary school students from urban public schools in Extremadura, Spain, who participated in a Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program. |
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| Students in Special Education Schools | This group consists of students from special education schools in Extremadura, Spain, who have intellectual disabilities. These students participated in the Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program, with the goal of understanding program effectiveness in an inclusive educational environment tailored to students with intellectual disabilities. |
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| Students in Regular Education Schools | This cohort includes primary school students from regular education schools in Extremadura, Spain, without intellectual disabilities. These students participated in the Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program, providing insights into the program's impact on general education settings and comparing outcomes with other cohorts. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain Neuroscience Education Program (PNE) | Behavioral | The Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) Program is a structured educational intervention aimed at primary school students with and without intellectual disabilities. This program introduces students to basic concepts of pain neuroscience, designed to increase understanding of pain mechanisms and promote healthy pain coping strategies. The intervention was adapted to 'easy reading' format to ensure accessibility for students with intellectual disabilities, and was delivered in both rural and urban school settings in Extremadura, Spain. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction Level and Knowledge Acquisition in Pain Neuroscience Education | This study measures the level of satisfaction and the knowledge acquired by primary school students with and without intellectual disabilities following participation in a Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program. Satisfaction and knowledge are assessed through a structured questionnaire, focusing on three main dimensions: training activity, teacher's role, and understanding of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health. The responses are analyzed to evaluate the program's impact across different educational settings, including rural vs. urban and special vs. regular education | Immediately after completion of the educational intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of fifth and sixth grade primary school students enrolled in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura, Spain. The participants include students from both regular and special education schools, encompassing both urban and rural areas. The sample represents a diverse group with variations in intellectual abilities, aiming to assess the impact of a neuroscience education program on understanding pain and promoting health knowledge.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luis Espejo-Antúnez, Ph.D. | University of Extremadura | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidad de Extremadura | Badajoz | Badajoz | 06006 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| D006266 | Health Education |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D000099060 | Adherence Interventions |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |