Integrative Neuromuscular Training (INT) is an interdisciplinary training paradigm that amalgamates cutting-edge concepts and practices from the realms of athletic training, physical therapy, biomechanics, and neuroscience. The genesis of INT dates back to the late twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, a period marked by a burgeoning understanding of motor control and neuromuscular coordination. Experts in the fields of sports science and rehabilitation began to explore a training modality designed to holistically enhance athletic performance while concurrently reducing the risk of injury.

The central tenet of INT is to optimize the coordination of the neuromuscular system and the synergistic action among muscle groups, thereby deepening functional movement training and integrating specific training components. These components include, but are not limited to, strength, balance, velocity, agility, fatigue resistance, and plyometric training. This methodology is not sol

Traditional Physical Training (TPT) involves a set of exercises with limited variation and fixed movement paths, conducted under stable conditions. This method primarily enhances muscle strength and endurance but often falls short in integrating with specific sports requirements and developing athletes' specialized skills.TPT emphasizes basic athletic attributes like strength, speed, and flexibility, which are vital for competition. Yet, it tends to focus on bulking up muscles and isolating body parts, potentially leading to higher injury risks and suboptimal performance.The concept of TPT is conservative, drawing on traditional sports training without fully embracing modern sports science and rehabilitation. However, as our understanding of motor control and neuromuscular coordination advances, modern training is becoming more holistic and scientific, prioritizing specialized movements, balance, and multi-joint coordination to boost the effectiveness of strength training.

The single module training paradigm followed a circuit-style format, with each training module consisting of 6 to 8 distinct exercise movements. Taking the INT training intervention on Mondays as an example, the training protocol involved completing one major module (e.g., plyometric exercises) before transitioning to another module (e.g., core stability exercises). Specific exercise methods, such as box jumps, were performed until all sets were completed before moving on to the next exercise (e.g., continuous depth jumps).

Vertical-Jump Test: The testing equipment used is the Swiss Myotest explosiveness testing device. Before the start of the test, participants completed familiarization exercises, jogging, stretching, and other routine warm-up activities. The best score out of three attempts was recorded. According to previous research, the test-retest reliability of the vertical jump test under the experimental conditions of this study is 0.993.

Balance Test: The Y-balance test (YBT) was used for measurement, following the testing patterns from studies by Plisky et al. and Xu Fei et al. . Specifically, the participant stands on the Y-balance test device with one leg, barefoot, and the other leg's foot is used to slowly push the test board to the furthest distance in three directions: anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). The sequence is first with the right leg supporting and then with the left leg supporting. Each direction is measured three times, and the maximum distance is taken for analysis. During the test, participants are required to keep their feet stationary and their hands off the anterior superior iliac spine. After the test, the composite score of the YBT for both legs is calculated based on the distances in the three directions for both the left and right legs, which is used to evaluate the participant's balance ability. The calculation formula is [(A + PM + PL) / (3 × lower limb leng](streamdown:incomplete-link)

Maximum Strength (1RM, 1 Repetition Maximum): Before the official test, participants are required to perform familiarization exercises without weights, adhering to the standard techniques for the squat and bench press movements. Subsequently, an indirect test for maximum strength is conducted . The calculation formula by Brzycki et al. for 1RM is used: 1RM = weight repeated / (1.0278 - 0.0278 × number of repetitions). For the squat test, participants are instructed to maintain a fixed foot stance and toe angle, with heels always in contact with the ground, and the thighs should be parallel to or slightly below the ground level during each squat, with knees not extending beyond the toes . For the bench press test, participants are required to ensure that the barbell touches the chest before pressing the arms upward until they are fully extended. Research by Kravitz et al. indicates that the 1RM test has a high degree of accuracy.