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Comparison of effect of different methods of cognitive loading on gait of normal healthy students.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 male | Experimental | All members of group number 1 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be applied three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| Group 2 female | Experimental | All members of group number 2 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be applied three times along with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. WORKING MEMORY TASK: | Other | Arithmetic task: backward counting with serial 3 subtractions out loud. Group 1 and Group 2 participants will be asked to count backwards with serial 3 subtractions out loud while walking 10 meters. There is considerable disruption of performance because of simultaneous articulatory suppression. However, when errors were observed they were calculated to be numerically close to the correct figure which suggests that performance was not completely disrupted by suppression of articulation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Walking speed (m/s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance. | Baseline |
| Walking speed (m/s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Walking speed (m/s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures the walking speed with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.93). Walking speed usually decreases if the participant performs a task that challenges dynamic balance. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Gait symmetry (%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance. | Baseline |
| Gait symmetry (%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance. | During Cognitive loading tests |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
All male and female healthy students are eligible to participate.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Imran Amjad, PhD | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah international university | Islamabad | Punjab Province | 44030 | Pakistan |
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Research
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| 2. VISUAL AND VERBAL FLUENCY TASK | Other | Modified Stroop test or Stroop colour word test: Participants are asked to name the colour of ink that each word is printed. It is the most frequent test used to show attention bias in anxiety patients. This test will appear on the mobile phone in their hands while they walk to increase the effect of cognitive loading. |
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| 3. MOTOR TASK: | Other | Carrying a tray with four glasses filled with water. Participants will be asked to hold a tray of glasses filled with water and walk 10 meters to calculate the effect of cognitive loading on gait. |
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| Gait symmetry (%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures gait symmetry with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.65) Gait symmetry tends to decrease if the participant undergoes a task that includes dynamic balance. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length(m) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities. | Baseline |
| Step length(m) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length(m) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step length with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.94). Step length usually increases with challenged dynamic balance-based activities. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time(s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities. | Baseline |
| Step time(s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time(s) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to excellent reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.84). Step time increases under the effect of dynamic balance-based activities. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time variability(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities. | Baseline |
| Step time variability(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time variability(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.51). Step time variability tends to increase if a participant undergoes dynamic balance-based activities. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length variability(%) | For gait activity, the G&B app measures step length variability with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally (ICC=0.16). step length variability tends to increase with activities that involve dynamic balance. | Baseline |
| Step length asymmetry(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step length asymmetry with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.6). Step length asymmetry tends to increase with tasks that include dynamic balance. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length asymmetry(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step length asymmetry with moderate to poor reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.6). Step length asymmetry tends to increase with tasks that include dynamic balance. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time asymmetry(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance. | Baseline |
| Step time asymmetry(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time asymmetry(%) | For gait activity, the Gait and Balance mobile app (G&B) measures step time asymmetry with moderate reliability while the participant is walking normally with (ICC=0.68). Step time asymmetry tends to increase with activities that include dynamic balance. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |