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The goal of this study is to determine how different types of cognitive loading affect the gait of an individual and its association with growing age. The main aim is to find out if:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Age Group | Experimental | Participants with Age 21-30 years. All members of group number 1 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be used three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| Second Age Group | Experimental | Participants with age 31-40 years. All members of group number 2 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be used three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| Third Age Group | Experimental | Participants with Age 41-50 years. All members of group number 3 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be used three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| Fourth Age Group | Experimental | Participants with age 51-60 years. All members of group number 4 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be used three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. working memory task. | Other | Arithmetic test (Backward counting with serial 3 subtraction and articulation): participants will be asked to count out loud backward with serial subtraction of 3 from each number, starting with a random number provided by the researcher. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Walking speed | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the walking speed of the participant. A decrease in walking speed is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Walking speed | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the walking speed of the participant. A decrease in walking speed is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During three cognitive tasks |
| Walking speed | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the walking speed of the participant. A decrease in walking speed is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Gait Symmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the gait symmetry of the participant. A decrease in gait symmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Gait Symmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the gait symmetry of the participant. A decrease in gait symmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Gait Symmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the gait symmetry of the participant. A decrease in gait symmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Imran Amjad, PhD | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah International University | Islamabad | 44000 | Pakistan |
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| Fifth Age Group | Experimental | Participants with age 61-70 years. All members of group number 5 who fall in the eligibility criteria will undergo three different types of cognitive loading. Three types of cognitive loading will be applied randomly to eliminate any bias. Each Method will be used three times with pre and post-recordings to ensure reliability. |
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| 2. Visual and Verbal Fluency Task | Other | Stroop colour word test (modified Stroop test): participants will be asked to name the colour of ink that each word is printed in. This test will appear on the mobile phone in their hands while they walk to increase the effect of cognitive loading. |
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| 3. Motor Task | Other | Participants will be asked to hold a tray of glasses filled with water and walk 10 meters to calculate the effect of cognitive loading on gait. |
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| Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length of the participant. An increase in step length is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step length | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length of the participant. An increase in step length is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length of the participant. An increase in step length is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length variability | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length variability of the participant. An increase in step length variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step length variability | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length variability of the participant. An increase in step length variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length variability | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length variability of the participant. An increase in step length variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time of the participant. An increase in step time is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step time | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time of the participant. An increase in step time is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time of the participant. An increase in step time is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time variability | Smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time variability of the participant. An increase in step time variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step time variability | Smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time variability of the participant. An increase in step time variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time variability | Smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time variability of the participant. An increase in step time variability is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step length asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step length asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step length asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step length asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step length asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step length asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step time asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Baseline |
| Step time asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step time asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | During Cognitive loading tests |
| Step time asymmetry | A smartphone-based accelerometer through a mobile app named Gait & Balance (G&B app) will be used to detect the step time asymmetry of the participant. An increase in step time asymmetry is the usual effect of cognitive loading on this gait parameter. | Immediately after Cognitive loading tests |