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Sports science testing by investigators at Gatorade Sports Science Institute has revealed that many athletes arrive at practice with a high urine specific gravity indicating they are hypohydrated. Though the data showed that most athletes don't lose more than 2% of their body weight in sweat during a training session, it is not known what the cumulative effects of living and training in a hot environment are over the course of a week. Previous research has indicated that prescribing fluid intake is more effective than education in improving drinking behavior during exercise. No studies to date have compared the impact of fluid intake prescription versus education in adolescent boys and girls playing outdoor and indoor sports.
Comparing sexes and training environment may provide more clarity around potential barriers and challenges to proper hydration for each environment.
This study will implement a parallel design with 4 sports team groups: 1) Indoor girls, 2) Indoor boys, 3) Outdoor girls, and 4) Outdoor boys. Each group of 36 per groups will be randomized into 1 of 3 conditions: 1) control (no intervention), 2) hydration education intervention, 3) prescribed hydration and education intervention. Athletes will be observed for three practices per week for 2 weeks. Practices are separated by at least 48 hours.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | No hydration education or fluid prescription. Pre-practice urine specific gravity (USG), pre- and post-practice body mass, thirst scale measures. Fluid intake during practice (whatever the team is drinking) . | |
| Hydration Education between Week 1 and Week 2 | Experimental | In-depth education session regarding the effects of dehydration, the performance benefits of proper hydration, and how to properly hydrate before, during, and after activity. Pre-practice urine specific gravity (USG), pre- and post-practice body mass, thirst scale measures. Fluid intake during practice (whatever the team is drinking). |
|
| Hydration Education between Week 1 and Week 2 plus Prescribed Hydration Week 2 | Experimental | In-depth education session regarding the effects of dehydration, the performance benefits of proper hydration, and how to properly hydrate before, during, and after activity. Pre-practice urine specific gravity (USG), pre- and post-practice body mass, thirst scale measures. Provided a standard amount of bottled water to drink the evening prior (1 liter) and in the two hours before practice (20 oz). Fluid intake will be recorded in an intake log. Subjects will be permitted to eat or drink whatever they like in addition to the prescribed fluid. Fluid intake during practice (whatever the team is drinking). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Other | Prescribed amount of bottled water the evening prior and 2 hours prior to team practice |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| urine specific gravity (USG). | Assessed using hand-held refractometer, units recorded to the nearest 0.001 | Pre-practice x 3 practices in Week 1 and 3 practices in Week 2 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight | Assessed using Tanita portable scale, units recorded to the nearest 0.01 kg | Change from pre-practice to post-practice x 3 practices in Week 1 and 3 practices in Week 2 |
| Fluid intake Week 2 (measured for Prescription Group only) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kris Osterberg, PhD, RD | Contact | (941) 201 3820 | Kris.Osterberg@pepsico.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kris Osterberg, PhD, RD | PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Sports Science | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) at IMG Sports Academy | Recruiting | Bradenton | Florida | 34210 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003681 | Dehydration |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014883 | Water-Electrolyte Imbalance |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 |
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| Hydration Education | Other | 30-60 minutes |
|
Assessed using beverage weight scale. Units recorded to the nearest 1 ml
| Intake from evening before through post-practice x 3 practices in Week 2 |
| Thirst questionnaire | 6 items (thirst, pleasure to drink now, mouth feel, taste, stomach fullness, stomach sickness) each anchored from not at all to very, each on a 100 mm scale. | Change from pre-practice to post-practice x 3 practices in Week 1 and 3 practices in Week 2 |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |