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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Innate-Essence Limited | UNKNOWN |
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It is well-established that exercise has many health benefits. During exercise in temperate/hot conditions, sweating is necessary to dissipate heat. This sweating typically results in dehydration, which may impair physical and mental performance. Therefore, following exercise, effective rehydration is important to restore an optimal hydration state and therefore physical and mental performance. If an individual only rehydrates with water, though, it is unlikely that they will fully rehydrate as plain water is not very well-retained by the body, due to its lack of carbohydrate and electrolytes. For this reason, sports/ hydration drinks are likely to aid in better rehydration, due to their carbohydrate and electrolyte content. This project aims to compare the rehydration effectiveness and glucose responses to two sports / hydration drinks and water (with different carbohydrate and electrolyte contents).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Experimental | Consumption of a water volume (from water) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Glucose-based sports drink | Experimental | Consumption of a water volume (from a glucose-based sports drink) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Fruit beverage | Experimental | Consumption of a water volume (from a fruit beverage) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Other | Consumption of a water volume (from water) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Net water Balance | ([post-exercise body mass (kg) - Pre-exercise body mass (kg)] x 1000) + water volume consumed (g) - cumulative urine output during rehydration period (g) | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Cumulative urine volume | 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration | |
| Total urine volume | Total urine volume produced during the rehydration period | Sum of urine produced at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Water retention | ([water volume consumed (g) - total urine volume produced during the rehydration period (g)] / water volume consumed (g)) x 100 | 4 h post-rehydration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose concentration | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 2 h post-rehydration | |
| Blood glucose area under the curve | The 2h period following rehydration |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Training/performing > 1 hrs a week
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus | Nottingham | NG11 8NS | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003681 | Dehydration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014883 | Water-Electrolyte Imbalance |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 |
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| Glucose-based sports drink | Other | Consumption of a water volume (from a glucose-based sports drink) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Fruit beverage | Other | Consumption of a water volume (from a fruit beverage) equal to 150% of body mass loses from exercise-induced hypohydration |
|
| Hyperglycaemia incidence | Number of participants that experience blood glucose > 7.8 mmol/L | The 2 h period following rehydration |
| Hypoglycaemia incidence | The number of participants that experience blood glucose < 3.9 mmol/L | The 2 h period following rehydration |
| Urine osmolality | A measure of urine concentration. | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Body mass | Body mass in kilograms at baseline compared across trials. Body mass loss (both in grams and as a percentage) from pre-exercise to post-exercise compared across trials. | Baseline (pre-exercise) and post-exercise (approximately 2 h post-baseline, depending on sweat losses during cycling in the heat) |
| Thirst | Participants asked to rate their thirst on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no symptom, 10 = maximum symptom) | Baseline (pre-exercise), towards the end of each 10 minute block of exercise (cycling in the heat), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Gastrointestinal comfort | Participants asked to rate their gastrointestinal comfort on a scale of 0-10 (0 = no symptom, 10 = maximum symptom) | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) | Participants asked to rate their RPE on a scale of 6-20. This is a measure of exercise intensity. Average taken for dehydration period. Average compared across trials. | Measured towards the end of each 10 minute block of exercise (cycling in the heat). Up to 8 blocks lasting a total of 120 minutes (10 minutes of cycling, followed by 5 minutes of rest), depending on body mass loss. |
| Thermal sensation | Participants asked to rate their thermal sensation on a scale of -10 (unbearably cold) to 10 (unbearably hot). Average taken for dehydration period. Average compared across trials. | Measured towards the end of each 10 minute block of exercise (cycling in the heat). Up to 8 blocks lasting a total of 120 minutes (10 minutes of cycling, followed by 5 minutes of rest), depending on body mass loss. |
| Time in environmental chamber | The time in minutes that the participant spent in the environmental chamber at 35 degrees Celsius, doing repeated blocks of 10 minutes of cycling followed by 5 minutes of rest, until they reached approximately 1.5% body mass loss. Time compared across trials. | Up to 120 minutes, depending on body mass losses during cycling in the heat |
| Laboratory temperature | Temperature (degrees Celsius) of the laboratory measured across the day and averaged. Averages compared across trials. | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Environmental chamber temperature | Environmental chamber temperature (degrees Celsius) measured and averaged for the cycling in the heat period of each participant. Averages compared across trials. | Measured towards the end of each 10 minute block of exercise (cycling in the heat). Up to 8 blocks lasting a total of 120 minutes (10 minutes of cycling, followed by 5 minutes of rest), depending on body mass loss. |
| Laboratory humidity | Humidity (relative humidity) of the laboratory measured across the day and averaged. Averages compared across trials. | Baseline (pre-exercise), post-exercise, and 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h post-rehydration |
| Environmental chamber humidity | Environmental chamber humidity (relative humidity) measured and averaged for the cycling in the heat period of each participant. Averages compared across trials. | Measured towards the end of each 10 minute block of exercise (cycling in the heat). Up to 8 blocks lasting a total of 120 minutes (10 minutes of cycling, followed by 5 minutes of rest), depending on body mass loss. |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |