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Refugees, facing forced displacement and often exposed to traumatic experiences, represent a vulnerable population with unique healthcare needs. Oral health is considered a prominent factor that contributes to quality of life.
Therefore, this study aim at assessing the effect of message framing on enhancing oral health practices in a group of refugees in Alexandria, Egypt. A three-arm cluster randomized controlled clinical trial will compare a gain-framed mobile text messages group, a loss-framed mobile text messages group, and a control group. The primary outcome is the improvement in oral health practices measured by changes in dental plaque and secondary outcome is to assess change in oral health-related quality of life. In addition, oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of refugees will be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-framed messages | Experimental | The participants will receive every 2 weeks a boosting reminder mobile text message in a gain-framed way. For example, "Great breath, healthy gums only a toothbrush away" "flossing your teeth daily removes particles of food in the mouth, avoiding bacteria, which promotes great breath." |
|
| Loss-framed message | Experimental | he participants will receive every 2 weeks a boosting reminder mobile text message in a loss-framed way. For example, "Brush now and avoid bad breath and gum disease", "If you don't floss your teeth daily, particles of food remain in the mouth, collecting bacteria, which causes bad breath." |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | Participants allocated to this group will not receive mobile text messages. They will only receive the oral health education session given to all participants at the beginning. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gain and loss framed mobile text messages | Behavioral | To assess the effect of message framing on enhancing oral health practices in a group of refugees |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oral health-related quality of life improvement | To assess change in OHRQL using OHIP | Immediately after structured oral health session, 6 months and 1 year after baseline |
| Oral health practices improvement | Assess toothbrushing and flossing frequency before and after the education session and reminder mobile messages | 6 months and 1 year after baseline |
| Oral hygiene status assesment | measure the change in plaque index scores among participants | 6 months and 1 year after baseline |
| Gingival health assessment | measure the change in gingival index scores among participants | 6 months and 1 year after baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mona El Kashlan, Professor | Alexandria University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caritas | Alexandria | 21523 | Egypt |
Study protocol and assessment forms.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003731 | Dental Caries |
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| D005891 | Gingivitis |
| D058225 | Plaque, Amyloid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017001 | Tooth Demineralization |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
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| D007239 |
| Infections |
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |