100 randomly selected older adults with DM II, of both sexes who are attending endocrine outpatient clinics in governmental hospitals.

100 older adults non diabetic, of both sexes who are attending endocrine outpatient clinics in governmental hospitals.

To perform this study the relative handgrip strength (rHGS) index was used. The rHGSi is defined as the sum of the handgrip strength of both hands divided by body mass index (BMI), and it is considered a better prognostic tool than handgrip strength. rHGS was measured by Jamar hand dynamometer. The Functional Performance was determined by using 3 tests of the Senior Fitness Test (The 30-second chair stand test, the 8-feet Up-and-Go test, and the 2 minutes' Walk Test).

the sum of the handgrip strength of both hands divided by body mass index (BMI)

The 30-Second Chair Test is a standing exercise where participants sit in a folding chair without arms, with their feet shoulder-width apart and arms crossed. The test requires the participant to perform full stands within 30 seconds, with the goal of completing the task without using their arms.

Place a chair and marker 8 feet apart, clear the path, and start seated. Start timing, then quickly stand, walk, and walk around a cone, returning to the chair. Stop timing as needed. Perform two trials.

For two minutes, the person is urged to walk as quickly as they can while remaining safe and independent, and the distance is recorded.