Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in hospitalized patients, despite advancements in critical care. Existing clinical scores for predicting sepsis outcomes often lack generalizability and complexity, hindering accurate risk assessment and timely intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of serum albumin ratios to C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate in predicting 28-day morbidities and mortality in sepsis patients admitted to surgical ICUs. By incorporating these albumin ratios into clinical decision-making, we hypothesized that clinicians could more accurately identify patients at high risk of adverse outcomes and tailor treatment strategies accordingly.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients newly admitted to ICU with sepsis or septic shock;
• Patients were free of exclusion criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with acute kidney injury;
• Patients with hemorrhagic shock;
• Patients with immunosuppressive or autoimmune disorders;
• Patients suspected to die in ICU.

The study population consisted of all patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit with manifestations suggestive of sepsis according to the guidelines of the 3rd International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock.