The liver is an important metabolic organ in the body. It participates in central metabolic activities to maintain systemic homeostasis. It is also one of the most vulnerable organs in the process of individual aging. During aging, the volume, blood flow, metabolic capacity and regenerative capacity of the liver decrease. Liver function changes with age can lead to age-related systemic susceptibility diseases.

Therefore, understanding the changes of metabolism and immune function in the process of liver aging and studying the regulation mechanism of liver aging will provide an important reference for understanding the causes of increased susceptibility to liver-related diseases in the elderly population.On the other hand, gender factors also affect organ function, leading to differences in human aging and disease outcomes.At present, the omics research on liver aging is mainly based on tissue-level transcription, protein or metabolomics, and most of the conclusions are focused on hepatocytes. However, for other cell types and microenvironment interactions, people know little about the aging changes at the cellular levelBased on the current research status, this study aims to explore the gender differences in the process of liver aging, using emerging technologies such as the combination of single-cell multi-omics and spatial localization, to reveal the factors driving liver aging from a gender perspective, and to promote the development of accurate interventions for aging and aging-related diseases.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Liver function indicators are in the normal reference range.
• Liver imaging examination showed normal.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with previous liver-related diseases.
• Subjects with important organ dysfunction / failure or other serious diseases ( myocardial infarction, malignant tumor, severe neurological or psychiatric history, severe infection, coagulation dysfunction, etc. )
• Moderate malnutrition ( BMI < 17kg / m2 ) and severe anemia ( Hb < 60g / L ).
• Subjects and their families who disagreed with the study protocol.

In this study, the normal liver sampling criteria are as follows : 1.Preoperative blood biochemical liver function indicators are in the normal reference range.

2.Liver imaging is normal. The liver is normal in size, regular in shape, smooth in capsule, uniform in parenchymal echo, and intrahepatic vascular network.

For patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the liver tissue of the IV segment of the liver ( about 1mm3 ) was separated from the gallbladder wall specimen.