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In recent years, technological advances have enabled the development of innovative intervention methods in healthcare. This study aims to examine the effect of augmented reality (AR) technology on pain, anxiety and fear in children during pediatric blood collection procedures. The study is based on a randomized controlled design. Participants were randomized into two groups, the group receiving AR intervention and the control group receiving standard care. Pain, anxiety and fear levels will be assessed with pre and post intervention measurements.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group, intervention group | Active Comparator | This group will receive the standard blood collection procedure without any augmented reality video intervention. Pain, anxiety, and fear levels will be assessed using standardized scales after the procedure. This group will receive the augmented reality video intervention during the blood collection procedure. The intervention consists of children watching AR videos designed to distract and comfort them during the blood draw. Pain, anxiety, and fear levels will be measured using standardized scales immediately after the procedure. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | This group will receive the standard blood collection procedure without any augmented reality video intervention. Pain, anxiety, and fear levels will be assessed using standardized scales after the procedure. | |
| intervention group | Experimental | This group will receive the augmented reality video intervention during the blood collection procedure. The intervention consists of children watching AR videos designed to distract and comfort them during the blood draw. Pain, anxiety, and fear levels will be measured using standardized scales immediately after the procedure. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augmented Reality Video Intervention | Behavioral | This intervention involves a video intervention using augmented reality (AR) technology to reduce the pain, anxiety and fear children experience during the blood collection process. During the intervention, children watch AR videos to distract and relax them from the blood collection process. These videos are equipped with a variety of entertaining and engaging content and aim to reduce children's psychological stress. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Level | Children's pain levels will be measured using a standardized pain scale, such as the Wong-Baker Pain Rating Scale, immediately after the blood collection procedure.The scale can be scored from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10. As the score increases, pain increases. | Five minutes before and 5 minutes after blood collection |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fear Level | Children's fear levels will be evaluated using a fear assessment tool, such as the Children's Fear Scale, before and after the blood collection procedure. The scale can be scored from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 4. As the score increases, fear increases. | Five minutes before and 5 minutes after blood collection |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Level | Children's anxiety levels will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children before, during, and after the blood collection procedure.The scale can be scored from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 10. As the score increases, Anxiety increases. | Five minutes before and 5 minutes after blood collection |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emine Zahide Özdemir | Izmir | İzmir | 35340 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42410411 | Derived | Ozdemir EZ, Ozkaya IN, Ciftci R, Bektas M. Effects of tablet-based augmented reality on anxiety, fear, and pain during venipuncture in children: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2026 Jul 6. doi: 10.1186/s12887-026-07214-6. Online ahead of print. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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