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This randomized clinical trial study compares high-load eccentric training (HL-Et), sham LL-BFRt, and low-load blood flow restriction (LL-BFRt) in sportsmen. The primary inquiries it seeks to address are:
Is LL-BFR superior to HL-Et and sham LL-BFRt in terms of improving muscle morphology? Is LL-BFR a more effective Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and ACL injury preventive than HL-Et and sham LL-BFRt?
The three intervention groups that will be randomly assigned to participants are LL-BFRt, sham LL-BFRt, and HL-Et. Participants are expected to carry out:
Participants in LL-BFRt will be required to perform LL eccentric training at 30% of their repetition maximum (RM) and 70% of their artery occlusion pressure (AOP). This training will include stairs, single leg squat, and single leg deadlift.
Participants in HL-Et will be required to perform LL eccentric training at 70% of their maximum number of repetitions (RM).
In order to determine whether muscular morphology and the prevention of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and ACL injury improve following the interventions and follow-up, researchers will compare LL-BFRt, sham LL-BFRt, and HL-Et.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low load-BFRt | Experimental | 70% of the arterial occlusion pressure and 30% of the maximum repetition rate |
|
| Sham Low load-BFRt | Sham Comparator | 10% of the arterial occlusion pressure and 30% of the maximum repetition rate |
|
| High load-Eccentric training | Active Comparator | 70% of the maximum repetition rate |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low load-BFRt | Procedure | The participants' two legs will be subjected to 70% arterial occlusion pressure when the physical therapist applies the BFR cuffs. After that, participants will be required to complete eccentric exercises with a maximum repetition count of 30%, such as stairs, single leg squat, and single leg deadlift. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle cross-sectional area | Using a musculoskeletal ultrasonography, researchers will determine the cross-sectional area of vastus medial obliques muscle and peroneus longus muscle. | 8 weeks |
| Vastus medial obliques fiber angle | Using a musculoskeletal ultrasonography, researchers will determine the vastus medial obliques fiber angle. | 8 weeks |
| Patella position | Using a musculoskeletal ultrasonography, researchers will determine the patella position. | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome | Researchers will determine the incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome with the physical examination of grind test. | 1 year |
| Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya, PhD | Contact | +6288975003567 | surya_adhitya@unud.ac.id |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical therapy laboratory, College of Medicine, Universitas Udayana and ROM Physiotherapy Private Clinic Denpasar | Recruiting | Denpasar | Bali | 80232 | Indonesia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046788 | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome |
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
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|
| Sham Low load-BFRt | Procedure | The participants' two legs will be subjected to 10% arterial occlusion pressure when the physical therapist applies the BFR cuffs. After that, participants will be required to complete eccentric exercises with a maximum repetition count of 30%, such as stairs, single leg squat, and single leg deadlift. |
|
| High load-Eccentric training | Procedure | The physical therapist will instruct the participants to complete eccentric exercises at a maximum of 70% repetitions, such as stairs, single leg squat, and single leg deadlift. |
|
Researchers will determine the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury with the physical examination of Lachman's test.
| 1 year |
| D014947 |
| Wounds and Injuries |