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This feasibility clinical trial aims to assess the feasibility of implementing a 1-month app-based meditation program with officers in the juvenile legal system and other professionals working directly with legal-involved youth.
Professionals working with legal-involved youth experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and workplace burnout. Mindfulness meditation targets emotion regulation-which appears to be a common mechanism underlying depression, anxiety, and burnout-and it can be effectively delivered via smartphone app. This project will assess the feasibility of implementing a 1-month app-based meditation program with officers and other professionals working with legal-involved youth. The findings are intended to inform the development of a future, fully-powered hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial (RCT).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Action In Mindfulness (AIM)+ | Experimental | Participants randomized to the intervention arm will receive the AIM+ mindfulness meditation app. |
|
| Resource+ | Active Comparator | Participants randomized to the active control arm will receive the Resource+ smartphone-based program. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action In Mindfulness (AIM)+ | Behavioral | AIM+ is a smartphone-based app that teaches mindfulness meditation to professionals working with legal-involved youth over a 30-day "path." Each day of the path consists of a brief (approximately 5- to 10-minute) audio-guided meditation practice, with brief videos interspersed to illustrate key concepts and promote engagement. In addition to the 30 daily path files, users have access to a menu of "to go" audio-guided meditation practices that they can use as relevant to their workday (e.g., for professionals to listen to before attending a meeting). AIM+ also includes a menu of audio-guided meditation practices that officers can share with the youth on their caseloads (e.g., for youth to listen to before attending court). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| App adherence | Days of objective app usage | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptability | Measured by Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM). This scale measures acceptability using 4 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale and averaged to yield total scale scores between 1 and 5; higher scores indicate greater acceptability. | 1 month |
| Appropriateness |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Measured with the PROMIS Anxiety scale. This scale measures anxiety symptoms over the past week using a computer adaptive test/item bank administers of to 12 items, each rated on a 5-point scale; integrated adaptive scoring yields a T-score and standard error (SE); higher scores indicating more anxiety symptoms. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
Inclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Illinois Chicago | Chicago | Illinois | 60612 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40273446 | Derived | Kendall AD, Pela E, Amonica D, Jaworski E, Floyd B; AIM+ Community Advisory Board. Feasibility Testing a Meditation App for Professionals Working With Youth in the Legal System: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 2 Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Apr 24;14:e71867. doi: 10.2196/71867. |
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De-identified data may be placed in one or more electronic databases which could be used for other research studies
Data sharing will generally coincide with publication of the study's main findings and is intended to take place within 1 year after acceptance of the primary manuscripts.
To be determined
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D002055 | Burnout, Professional |
| D000080103 | Emotional Regulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| D006295 | Health Resources |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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Participants will be individually randomized at a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 smartphone conditions: (1) AIM+, a 30-day mindfulness meditation app, or (2) Resource+, a 30-day program that provides information on resources relevant to youth.
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|
| Resource+ | Behavioral | Resource+ is a 30-day smartphone-based program that includes information on local and national resources that professionals can use to learn about organizations and services available to youth with whom they work. |
|
Measured with the Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM). This scale measures appropriateness using 4 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale and averaged to yield total scale scores between 1 and 5; higher scores indicate greater appropriateness. |
| 1 Month |
| Feasibility of App Implementation | Measured with the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). This scale measures feasibility using 4 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale and averaged to yield total scale scores between 1 and 5; higher scores indicate greater feasibility. | 1 month |
| Usability | Measured with the System Usability Scale (SUS). This scale measures the usability of products and designs, specifically effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction using 10 items, each item is rated on a 5-point scale; items calculated to produce a total score between 0 and 100; higher scores generally indicate greater usability. | 1 month |
| Satisfaction with intervention | Measured with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). This scale measures satisfaction using 8 items, each item is rated on a 4-point scale; total sum scores range from 8 to 32; higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. | 1 month |
| Penetration | Measured via objective app analytics.
| 1 and 6 month |
| Depression | Measured with the PROMIS Depression Scale. This scale measures depression symptoms over the past week using a computer adaptive test/item bank administers of to 12 items, each rated on a 5-point scale; integrated adaptive scoring yields a T-score and standard error (SE); higher scores indicating more depression symptoms. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Workplace burnout | Measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory General (MBI-G). This measure contains three scales measuring emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.
| baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Perceived stress | Measured with the Perceived Stress Scale. This scale measures perception of stress over the past month, i.e. the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful, using 10-items each rated on a 5-point scale; total sum scores range from 0-40, with higher scores indicate more perceived stress. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Anger | Measured with the PROMIS Short Form v1.1 Anger 5a scale. This scale measures anger over the past 7 days using 5 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; integrated scoring yields a T-score and standard error (SE), with higher scores indicating more anger. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Sleep disturbance | Measured with the PROMIS Short Form v1.0 Sleep Disturbance. This scale measures sleep disturbance over the past 7 days using 8 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; integrated scoring yields a T-score and standard error (SE); higher scores indicate more sleep disturbance. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Alcohol use | Measured with the PROMIS Short Form v1.0 Alcohol Use 7a. This scale measures alcohol consumption, cravings, or difficulty controlling drinking over the past 30 days using 7 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; integrated scoring yields a T-score and standard error (SE); higher scores indicate more alcohol consumption, cravings, or difficulty controlling drinking. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Resilience | Measured with the Brief Resilience Scale. This scale measures resilience, i.e. adaptation, thriving, and resistance to illness using 6 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; averaged to yield total scale scores between 1 and 5; higher scores indicate more resilience. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Mindfulness | Measured with the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15). This scale measures mindfulness with subscales for observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reactivity using 15 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; total sum scores range from 15-75; higher scores indicate higher levels of mindfulness. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Regulation of negative mood states | Measured with the Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) Scale. This scale measures regulation of negative mood states using 14 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; averaged to yield total scale scores between 1 and 5; higher scores indicate a strong belief that one can alter negative moods. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Attentional control | Measured with the Attention Control Scale (ATTC). This scale measures two major components of attention (attention focusing and attention shifting) and consists of 20 items that are rated on a four-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 4 (always); some items are reverse coded and scale scores are calculated as the sum of respective items; higher scores indicate greater attention control. | baseline, 1 month, 6 months |
| Current positive and negative mood states | Measured with the International Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF). This scale measures positive and negative affect, with subscales for positive and negative affect, using 10 items, each item rated on a 5-point scale; sum scores range from 5 to 25; higher scores indicate greater tendency to experiences positive or negative mood, respectively. | baseline, 1 month |
| Current attentional control | Measured using 2 items asking about trouble focusing and distraction in the past 3 hours, rated on a scale of 1 (never) to 6 (almost always); items are reverse-coded and averaged to form a composite representing momentary attentional control; higher scores indicate greater attentional control. | baseline, 1 month |
| D009784 |
| Occupational Diseases |
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D000068356 | Self-Control |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D006285 | Health Planning |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
| D003695 | Delivery of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |