To study the effect of neuroendocrine dysfunctions on bone health in obesity

It is a multicentric, observational, cross-sectional non-profit study with additional procedures. The study will include obese patients (BMI>30) with and without hyper functioning pituitary adenomas (acromegaly, Cushing and prolactinoma) and hypopituitarism (GH deficiency, secondary hypogonadism) aimed at studying the effect of metabolic phenotypes of obesity and neuroendocrine dysfunctions on bone health.

Patients enrollment will take place in Ospedale San Raffaele, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II di Napoli and UOC Endocrinologia-AOU Renato Dulbecco, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro Magna Graecia.

Inclusion criteria for subjects with pituitary disease:

• Male and female subject > 18-year-old (also fertile patients can be included)
• Patients with prolactinoma or Cushing disease, Acromegaly or hypogonadism/hypopituitarism
• BMI ≥30 Kg/m2
• Able to sign an informed consent

Inclusion criteria for subjects without pituitary disease

• Male and female subject > 18-year-old
• BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2
• Able to sign an informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Male and female subject <18-year-old
• pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Subject unable to sign informed consent
• BMI < 30 Kg/m2

Obese patients with or without pituitary/gonadal disorders will be enrolled. Patients enrollment will take place in Ospedale San Raffaele, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II di Napoli and UOC Endocrinologia-AOU Renato Dulbecco, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro Magna Graecia.

A total of n=150 obese individuals will be recruited as it follows:

1. n=30 obese patients with acromegaly
2. n=30 obese patients with hyperprolactinemia
3. n=30 obese patients with hypopituitarism, including secondary male hypogonadism
4. n=30 obese patients with Cushing syndrome
5. n=30 obese patients without neuroendocrine diseases as control group