Investigating Multimodally Endothelial Dysfunction in Ocular and Systemic Disease

Investigating Multimodally Endothelial Dysfunction in Ocular and Systemic Disease

To explore the distribution of retinal vasculature parameters in patients with different subtypes of cardiovascular and ocular disease.

In this interventional cohort study, the investigators aim to evaluate retinal vascular function as assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography, fundus photography and dynamic vessel analysis in patients who share microvascular involvement of their pathology (e.g. chronic kidney disease, cardiac decompensation, neuronal small vessel disease and glaucoma) and age-matched healthy controls. Plasm and skin samples for comparative proteomics and transcriptomics are also taken.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients with a confirmed or suspect diagnosis of glaucoma based on intra-ocular eye pressure, visual field defect and structural optic nerve changes, regardless their age.
• Adult patients with chronic kidney disease regardless their age.
• Adult patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), regardless their age: symptomatic heart failure with Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction > 50% AND BNP > 35 pg/ml (or NT-proBNP>125 pg/ml) OR signs of diastolic dysfunction according to the European Society of Cardiology guidelines 2016
• Adult patients with confirmed small vessel disease as is diagnosed on routine neurological imaging, regardless their age.
• People without history or track record of any relevant pathology, including cardiovascular and renal diseases, regardless their age
• Capable and willing to participate (informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes
• Personal medical history of retinal neovascularization.
• Unable or unwilling to give consent