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Children with sensory processing challenges participated in an 8-week play-based aquatic program addressing goals on behavior, sensory, and participation. It is expected that after the 8-week group, the child's goals will improve demonstrating an effective intervention to address sensory difficulties.
This study examined the effectiveness of an aquatic OT program for children with sensory processing difficulties to develop water readiness skills and improve sensory, behavior, and engagement goals. Six groups of children with deficits in various sensory systems participated in an 8-week aquatic group led by an occupational therapist and occupational therapy students. Each week consisted of a 45-minute aquatic group with a 5 min warmup on land, 30 mins of aquatic activities addressing the sensory system of the week, and 10 mins addressing a social activity with peers. Goals were developed and assessed via the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Parents of the participants were given the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM-2) before beginning. As a result of participating in the aquatic OT intervention, percentage of goals achieved will be analyzed. It is expected that this program proves to be beneficial and therefore aquatic OT shows potential for improving sensory processing skills, behavior, and social participation with peers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic occupational therapy | Experimental | Each child participated and experienced occupational therapy in the water. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aquatic occupational therapy | Other | Each week, the children participated in a 45-minute aquatic occupational therapy group that consisted of warmup on land, 30 mins of sensory activities in the water, and 10 mins of social activity in the water |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) | Goals were written on behavior, engagement/participation, and sensory on a scale from -2 (worse outcome) to +2 (better outcome). Each week scores on each goal were documented. | Scores were tracked weekly for 8 weeks of each program. |
| Parent Surveys | Survey with quantitative and qualitative questions about their child's experience and differences seen in the aquatic group | Parents were given a post-survey at the 8th week. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sensory Processing Measure (SPM: Preschool version: SPM-P, newer edition: SPM-2) Assessment Scores | Assessment given to parents to fill out before their child could start the aquatic group. Gives information on different sensory systems. Categories are: vision, hearing, touch, taste and smell, body awareness, balance and motion, sensory total, planning and ideas, and social participation. Interpretive range is: Typical, Moderate difficulties, and Severe difficulties. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kristen M Pataki, OTD | Cleveland State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seven Hills Recreation Center | Seven Hills | Ohio | 44131 | United States |
Not sure if other researchers will want access to this data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009788 | Occupational Therapy |
| D000088543 | Aquatic Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
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Every participant receives the intervention. Each child participates in the 8-week aquatic group.
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Every participant participated in the aquatic group so the participant, care provider, and investigator were all aware of the intervention provided--therapy in the water.
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|
| Parents completed SPM on their child before the 8-week group began. |
| D013812 |
| Therapeutics |
| D006875 | Hydrotherapy |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |