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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| American Occupational Therapy Foundation | OTHER |
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Accidental drowning is the number one cause of death in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and highlights the critical need for swim lessons and water safety training for this population. Our team has developed and tested an innovative, occupational therapy (OT) based aquatic program - AquOTic - that provides preliminary support for the use of an individualized swim skills training intervention in children with ASD. The AquOTic program uses a combination of sensory, motor learning, and behavioral approaches to improve water safety and swim skills. In this study, we will use a randomized control trial design to identify the efficacy of the AquOTic intervention to improve swim performance in children with ASD.
Once enrolled, children will be randomized to one of three groups. Group A will receive the intervention right away. Group B will use a waitlist control for 10 weeks, then will receive the intervention. Group C will be a control group, and will be offered the intervention at the end of the control period. Each group will have 12 participants.
AquOTic a group based aquatic occupational therapy intervention that uses evidence-based therapeutic teaching techniques including therapeutic relationship, grading of activities, shaping, positive reinforcement and individualized goals to direct the intervention.
We will also develop a fidelity measure to operationalize the therapeutic strategies and quantify the active ingredients of the AquOTic program. Our long-term goal is to create evidence for an OT-based swim intervention for children with ASD that has the potential to decrease the drowning risk in this population.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| AquOTic | Experimental | Dose of 10 weeks of aquatic occupational therapy |
|
| Control | No Intervention | No intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AquOTic | Behavioral | group-based aquatic occupational therapy sessions with 1:1 support |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in swim skills | change in swim skills using Water Orientation Test-Alyn. A higher score means a better outcome. Minimum score 0, maximum score 71. | baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention |
| Questionnaire to track change in parent perception and satisfaction with progress on individualized family-centered goals | Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to establish goals with parents and track performance and satisfaction with goals. A higher score indicates higher parent satisfaction and child performance on the goals. | pre intervention, immediately after the intervention |
| Parent Perspective | qualitative interview regarding parent perspective of the intervention | one time after at least 8 hours of the intervention has been provided to the child |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Ohio State University | Columbus | Ohio | 43210 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39435387 | Derived | Kemp E, Nikahd M, Howard M, Darragh A, Crasta JE. Improving water competency among children on the autism spectrum: the AquOTic randomized controlled trial. Front Pediatr. 2024 Oct 7;12:1473328. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1473328. eCollection 2024. |
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De-identified data regarding swim skill changes may be shared with other researchers
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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This study uses a waitlist control group.
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Outcome assessors are blinded to whether or not the client received the intervention or control/waitlist.