Causes, Characteristics and Treatment of Hypercalcemia in the Emergency Room of a German Hospital

Retrospective Analysis of Causes, Clinical Presentation and Treatment in Patients With Hypercalcaemia in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary German Hospital

Patients with hypercalcemia were identified in the patient population of a German emergency department during a 11 year time period and studied regarding reproducibility of elevated calcium values, causes of hypercalcemia, symptoms. acute renal injury, mortality and treatment response.

Patients, who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary German hospital with a total calcium of ≥2.65 mmol/l between January 2010 and March 2021, was retrospectively studied. From the electronic patient records we analyzed if the elevated calcium values were reproducible in follow-up measurements, identified the cause of hypercalcemia, listed the symptoms, investigated a correlation between calcium and creatinine values to study acute renal injury directly due to hypercalcemia, calculated the mortality rate stratified by the calcium value on presentation and studied the treatment response regarding lowering calcium values by different treatments.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 18 years
• Total calcium ≥ 2.65 mmol/l
• Female and male

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years
• Total calcium < 2.65 mmol/