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The goals of this clinical trial are to (a) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a social robot intervention for providing family-based care for rare diseases families and (b) explore the effectiveness of the social robot intervention in improving the parent-child relationships and alleviating stress and anxiety for rare diseases patients and their parents. The main questions are:
Children with rare disease and their caregivers are distressed and stressed to deal with the disease and daily life, and their parent-child relationships are also challenging. Although social robots have been used to improve patients' and caregivers' well-being in clinical settings, there still needs to be family-centered, child-friendly, convenient, and feasible interventions for patients with rare diseases and their families. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a social robot intervention for providing family-based care for rare disease families and explore the effectiveness of the social robot intervention in improving the parent-child relationships and alleviating stress and anxiety for rare disease patients and their parents. A single-group, pretest-posttest feasibility study will be conducted in two medical centers in Northern Taiwan. Of 21 dyads of 8- to 19-year-old children with rare diseases and their parents will be enrolled. The dyads will interact with the social robot PARO in each 30-minute course every two weeks for four courses. The retention rate will be calculated after the study, and the Friedman's test and Wilcoxon signed rank test will analyze the changes in the parent-child relationship, the anxiety, the perceived stress scales, and the heart rate variability. The content analysis will be used to analyze the interview data to delve into the child-parent-robot interaction and the effectiveness of the social robot intervention in the patients and the parents. This study is expected to provide a feasible and effective intervention to improve the psychological and social health of children with rare diseases and their caregivers and provide a reference for future randomized controlled trials of social robots in pediatric care.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intervention group | Experimental | Patients and their parents will interact with the social robot PARO separately and together in each 30-minute course every two weeks for four courses. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| social robot intervention | Behavioral | In the first and second courses, the patients and their parents freely interact with the social robot PARO for 30 minutes. In the third course, patients and their parents interact with PARO for 30 minutes using a worksheet that includes naming and recording characteristics of PARO. In the last course, patients and their parents interact with PARO for 30 minutes using a worksheet that freely recorded their observations about PARO and say goodbye to it. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| retention rate | The retention rate is the average percentage of the patient-parent dyads who complete the 4-course intervention. | immediately after the intervention |
| acceptability | The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) scale will measure participants' acceptability of the social robot intervention. The chosen domains of this scale are perceived sociability (4 items), social presence (5 items), and perceived enjoyment (5 items) due to the importance of social robot interaction and sociability. Each item is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale, varying from 1 to 5; each domain's score is summed up individually; higher scores represent more agreement with this domain. | immediately after the intervention |
| parent-child relationship | The elementary school student parent-child relationship scale will measure the patient's perceived parent-child relationship. The scale is composed of a 25-item questionnaire. Each item is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale, varying from 1 to 5, with total points ranging from 25 to 125, with higher scores representing better parent-child relationships. As for the parent's perceived parent-child relationship, the researcher modified part of the elementary school student parent-child relationship scale, and a psychological specialist validated the content. The score calculation is similar to the elementary school student parent-child relationship scale. | immediately after the intervention |
| anxiety | The Chinese Version of the State Anxiety Scale for Children will measure the patient's anxiety. The scale is composed of a 20-item questionnaire. Each item is assessed on a 3-point Likert scale, varying from 1 to 3, with total points ranging from 20 to 60, with higher scores representing higher anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety will measure the parent's anxiety. The scale is composed of a 20-item questionnaire. Each item is assessed on a 4-point Likert scale, varying from 1 to 4, with total points ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores representing higher anxiety. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| child-parent-robot interaction | A self-designed questionnaire and an interview framework are used to explore the child-parent-robot interaction and the effectiveness of the social robot intervention in the patients and the parents individually. The 6-item questionnaire is assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale, ranging from 0 to 10. A higher score for each item represents being more engaged in the interaction with PARO, enjoying this intervention more, or being more willing to talk about the study with each other at home. The interview framework has six open-ended questions to delve into the patient's and the parent's experiences of the intervention. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
[Patients]
Exclusion Criteria:
[Patients]
[Parents]
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan University Children's Hospital | Taipei | 100226 | Taiwan | |||
| Taipei Veterans General Hospital |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035583 | Rare Diseases |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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A single-group, pretest-posttest clinical trial
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| immediately after the intervention |
| stress | The heart rate variability and the Perceived Stress Scale will measure the patient's and the parent's stress. The researcher uses " Taiwan Scientific" Non-invasive Blood Pressure Meter to measure the heart rate variability, recording the low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), and the ratio LF (ms2)/HF (ms2). The Perceived Stress Scale is composed of a 10-item questionnaire. Each item is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale, varying from 0 to 4, with total points ranging from 0 to 40, with higher scores representing higher perceived stress. | immediately after the intervention |
| immediately after the intervention |
| Taipei |
| 11217 |
| Taiwan |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |