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The aim of this study is to compare external oblique intercostal plane (EOIP) block and ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) Block for postoperative analgesia in adult patients undergoing open nephrectomy.
Patients undergoing nephrectomy have a high incidence of postoperative pain despite the use of modern laparoscopic surgical techniques. In the postoperative period, these patients are often treated with patient-controlled opioids, epidural analgesia, or both.
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a relatively new technique to infiltrate regional anesthesia in which local routine anesthetics are injected between the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles. Studies have confirmed that ultrasound-guided (USG) transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an effective method of analgesia for upper abdominal surgeries, lower abdominal surgeries, and kidney transplantation, with minimal side effects.
External oblique intercostal plane block (EOIPB) has been reported by Elsharkawy et al. in 2021 as a significant modification of fascial plane blocks in that it may engage the upper lateral abdominal walls consistently. In comparison to quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) , The advantage of EOIPB is that it may be performed with the patient supine. Furthermore, in comparison to serratus intercostal plane block (SIPB), it generates more extensive analgesic effects throughout the whole midline of the abdomen .
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block | Experimental | Patients will receive external oblique intercostal plane block . |
|
| Transversus Abdominis Plane Block | Experimental | Patients will receive ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block | Other | Patients will receive external oblique intercostal plane block . |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total pethidine consumption in the 1st 24hr | A standardized analgesic regimen will be prescribed in the postoperative period. All patients will receive paracetamol 1 gm every 6 h as routine analgesia. Rescue analgesia of pethidine will be given as 2 mg bolus if the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) > 3 to be repeated after 30 min if pain persists until the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) < 4. NRS will be assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24h postoperatively. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative fentanyl consumption | Additional fentanyl bolus dosages of 1 µg/kg IV will be administered if heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure elevated more than 20% of the baseline (after exclusion of other causes than pain). | Intraoperatively |
| Time to the 1st rescue analgesia. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanta University | Tanta | El-Gharbia | 31527 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42410497 | Derived | Elshikh A, Ali LS, ElSharkawy MS, Fathy SM, Mohamed BG, Hamama K, Elmohasseb MA, Shanab EHA, Ragab ZT, Moharam SA, Mady AF. Ultrasound guided external oblique intercostal plane block versus posterior transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in adult patients undergoing open nephrectomy: a randomized trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2026 Jul 7;26(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s12871-026-03935-4. |
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The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.
After the end of study for one year.
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author
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| Transversus Abdominis Plane Block | Other | Patients will receive ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. |
|
A standardized analgesic regimen will be prescribed in the post-operative period. All patients will receive paracetamol 1 gm every 6 h as routine analgesia. Rescue analgesia of pethidine will be given as 2 mg bolus if the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) > 3 to be repeated after 30 min if pain persists until the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) < 4. NRS will be assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24h postoperatively. It will be measured from the end of surgery to first dose of pethidine administrated. |
| 24 hours postoperatively |
| Degree of pain | Each patient will be instructed about postoperative pain assessment with the numeric rating scale (NRS) score. NRS (0 represents "no pain" while 10 represents "the worst pain imaginable"). NRS will be assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24h postoperatively. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| Mean arterial pressure | It will be recorded preoperative, before performing of block, and every 15 min till the end of surgery. | Every 15 minutes till the end of surgery |
| Heart rate | It will be recorded preoperative, before performing of block, and every 15 min till the end of surgery. | Every 15 minutes till the end of surgery |