This is a prospective, multi-center, single-arm target value clinical study to study the safety and effectiveness of Peripheral Scoring Drug-coated Balloon dilatation catheters in the treatment of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis.

This is a prospective, multi-center, single-arm target value clinical study to study the safety and effectiveness of Peripheral Scoring Drug-coated Balloon dilatation catheters (SDCB) in the treatment of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis. A total of 328 participants will be enrolled across multiple clinical trial sites. Participants will undergo a surgical procedure using a peripheral scoring drug-coated balloon dilation catheter, with follow-up within 5 days, at 1 month, and 6 months after the procedure, then at 12, 18, and 24 months post-procedure. The target lesion primary patency (TLPP) at 6 months post-procedure is the defined primary endpoint to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the peripheral scoring drug balloon dilatation catheter.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years old;
2. The patient's AVF/AVG is mature and has successfully completed hemodialysis at least once;
3. The target lesion is located at the AVF/AVG return vein and venous side anastomosis;
4. Hemodynamically significant AVF/AVG return vein stenosis ≥ 50% as assessed by ultrasound or contrast imaging, and any of the following clinical symptoms, signs or indicators are present, including significant increase in venous pressure during dialysis, abnormal physical examination, decreased pump-controlled blood flow, decreased adequacy of dialysis, brachial artery blood flow < 600 ml/min or decreased by 25% compared with the previous follow-up visit, etc.;
5. The target lesion is a primary or restenotic lesion, consisting of one or more tandem lesions (if the total length of adjacent tandem lesions is ≤ 60 mm, it can be considered a single target lesion);
6. Visual inspection of the reference blood vessel diameter of the target lesion is between 4.0-8.0mm, and the total length of the target lesion is ≤ 60mm;
7. The patient voluntarily signs the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women of childbearing age whose preoperative pregnancy test is not negative, and women who are breastfeeding;
2. Patients who have undergone major surgical treatment within 30 days before inclusion in the study;
3. Calcified lesions that are not expected to be expandable with balloons;
4. Patients with thrombosis at the access stenosis site;
5. The target lesion is located at the blood supply artery and arterial anastomosis;
6. Patients known to be allergic to or intolerant to contrast media and paclitaxel;
7. The patient's life expectancy is less than 2 years;
8. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated small vessel vasculitis;
9. Patients with kidney transplantation or those who planned to undergo kidney transplantation or switch to peritoneal dialysis;
10. Vascular access infection or systemic active infection;
11. Those who have participated in unfinished clinical trials of other drugs or devices;
12. Patients with other medical conditions that the investigator believes are not suitable to participate in this study.