The technique involves stroking and kneading the abdomen in a consistent pattern.

The technique involves visceral connective tissue manipulation.

instructions on daily, dietary, toilet, and physical activity habits

It will include patients that will receive abdominal massage; the frequency and duration of the massage will be arranged as 3 sessions per week, with each session lasting an average of 20-25 minutes for 6 weeks.

Constipation Severity Instrument (CSI) will be used to evaluate the severity of the constipation. The Constipation Severity Instrument is a 16-item patient-reported outcome measure that investigates symptoms of constipation based on frequency, severity, and bother of symptoms. CSI consists of three subscales: obstructive defecation, colonic inertia, and pain.

Higher scores of CSI indicate more severe constipation.

Constipation assessment scale will be used to evaluate the severity of the constipation. The constipation assessment scale is a eight-item scale that assess the presence and severity of constipation.

The patient rates each constipation item on a three-point scale (no problem to severe problem). Total scores range from 0 (no constipation) to 16 (worst possible constipation).

Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) will be used to evaluate quality of life. PAC-QOL consists a total of 28 items in four subscales: worries and concerns (11 items), physical discomfort (4 items), psychosocial discomfort (8 items), and satisfaction (5 items). Higher scores of PAC-QOL indicate more negative effects of constipation on the quality of life.

(Scale 0 - 100), will be calculated as the mean of three variables (ease of defecation, feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, and personal judgement of constipation) was developed to evaluate bowel function.