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The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of massage based on the tensegrity rule and classical abdominal massage in persons with constipation.
Constipation can be defined as "an embarrassing ailment of the 21st century". It affects about 20-25% of the population, women as well as men, but occurs more frequently in women (female:male ratio of 2.2:1). Persons of different age suffer from it. Constipation is a bothersome ailment which negatively affects the general physical and mental state, lowers physical and mental fitness, significantly hinders professional work, and decreases life comfort As the factors which contribute to the occurrence of constipation are very diverse and complex, the treatment is a long-term and slow process. There are numerous conservative treatment methods for constipation, such as physical treatments, reflexotherapy, biofeedback, pharmacotherapy, and modification of lifestyle. There is also a possibility of applying classical massage in persons with constipation. However, observations of the authors suggest it is not a therapy commonly applied.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| tensegrity massage | Experimental | In this group of patients massage sessions based on the tensegrity method were applied. |
|
| classical massage | Active Comparator | In this group of patients classical massage sessions were applied |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| massage based on the tensegrity rule | Other | The massage consist of brushing the skin, stroking of the lower abdominal integuments. Elastic deformation of the thoracolumbar fascia. Then the abdominal integuments were elastically deformed by kneading to normalize the rest tension of the muscles of the abdominal integuments as well as, indirectly, the myofascial apparatus of the pelvic floor and in this way improve venous blood and lymph outflow from the large intestine and the sigmoid colon area. The next treatment stage - performing circular movements within the limits of the skin's mobility at 1/3 of the medial part of the thigh. By stroking movements in the direction of the armpit in accordance with the run of the thoracoepigastric and costalaxillary veins. Then the intercostal muscles were deformed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Questionnaire (including Rome Test) | The aims of the Patient Questionnaire were to proof constipation presence and supply evidence of the frequency and the quality of bowel movements, and to compare them with the state from Diary | baseline (immediately before the first massage session) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diary of Bowel Movements | The aims of the Diary were to supply documentary evidence of the frequency and the quality of bowel movements, and to compare them with the state from before the experiment (the Patient Questionnaire). | on 7th day and 21st day from the 1st massage session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Krzysztof Kassolik, PhD | University School of Physical Education in Wrocław | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University School of Physical Education in Wrocław | Wroclaw | Wroclaw Destrict | 51-612 | Poland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11536845 | Background | Ingber DE; New Collective Author. The architecture of life. Sci Am. 1998 Jan;278(1):48-57. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0198-48. | |
| 18053448 | Background | Kalish VB, Loven B, Sehgal M. Clinical inquiries. What is the best treatment for chronic constipation in the elderly? J Fam Pract. 2007 Dec;56(12):1050-2. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003248 | Constipation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
| massage - classical abdominal | Other | The classical abdominal massage consisted of circular movements performed on the abdominal integuments by superficial and deep stroking techniques according to the colonic route (clockwise) |
|
| Background | Kassolik K, Andrzejewski W, Trzęsicka E, Charlton G. Anatomical Grounds for the Use of the Tensegrity Principle in Massage. Fizjoterapia Polska 3(4) vol. 7: 332-343, 2007. |
| 19217105 | Background | Lamas K, Lindholm L, Stenlund H, Engstrom B, Jacobsson C. Effects of abdominal massage in management of constipation--a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009 Jun;46(6):759-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.01.007. Epub 2009 Feb 12. |
| 17219073 | Background | Leung FW. Etiologic factors of chronic constipation: review of the scientific evidence. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Feb;52(2):313-6. doi: 10.1007/s10620-006-9298-7. Epub 2007 Jan 12. |
| 10086634 | Background | Stark ME. Challenging problems presenting as constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Mar;94(3):567-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00917.x. |
| 17498603 | Background | Tariq SH. Constipation in long-term care. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007 May;8(4):209-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2007.02.009. |
| 17117000 | Result | Ayas S, Leblebici B, Sozay S, Bayramoglu M, Niron EA. The effect of abdominal massage on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Dec;85(12):951-5. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000247649.00219.c0. |
| 16970017 | Result | Lacy BE. Defining and treating constipation in older adults. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Sep 1;74(5):715-6; author reply 716. No abstract available. |
| 17643910 | Result | Bharucha AE. Constipation. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21(4):709-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.07.001. |
| 17632040 | Result | Chitkara DK, Talley NJ, Locke GR 3rd, Weaver AL, Katusic SK, De Schepper H, Rucker MJ. Medical presentation of constipation from childhood to early adulthood: a population-based cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Sep;5(9):1059-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.04.028. Epub 2007 Jul 13. |
| 8426818 | Result | Emly M. Abdominal massage. Nurs Times. 1993 Jan 20-26;89(3):34-6. No abstract available. |
| 17079751 | Result | Harrington KL, Haskvitz EM. Managing a patient's constipation with physical therapy. Phys Ther. 2006 Nov;86(11):1511-9. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20050347. |
| Result | Kassolik K, Andrzejewski W, Trzęsicka E. Role of the Tensegrity Rule in Theoretical Basis of Massage Therapy. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 20(1):1053-8127, 2007. |
| 19329052 | Result | Kassolik K, Jaskolska A, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Marusiak J, Kawczynski A, Jaskolski A. Tensegrity principle in massage demonstrated by electro- and mechanomyography. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009 Apr;13(2):164-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.11.002. Epub 2007 Dec 21. |
| 1534955 | Result | Klauser AG, Flaschentrager J, Gehrke A, Muller-Lissner SA. Abdominal wall massage: effect on colonic function in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic constipation. Z Gastroenterol. 1992 Apr;30(4):247-51. |