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Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disease that leads to increased blood sugar levels due to insulin shortage or resistance. Type 2 diabetes is often linked to obesity, which can increase insulin resistance. Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) is a new secreted protein that affects insulin sensitivity and has been found to be negatively related to serum glucose levels in people with diabetes.
Oxidative stress in diabetics can stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators, increasing the activity of the antioxidant system. Aloe vera, a widely used plant, has been used for treating diabetes, wound healing, tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects.
Exercise can improve diabetic patients' conditions by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and skeletal muscle. High-intensity interval training has been shown to increase the expression of the METORIN gene in human subjects and decrease MDA in type 2 diabetic patients. However, no studies have examined the simultaneous effect of exercise and Aloe vera on diabetes indicators.
The present study aims to investigate the response of METRNL and some oxidative and antioxidant plasma indicators to high-intensity interval training and Aloe vera supplementation in type 2 diabetic men. The findings indicate that exercise and consumption of plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties can be effective in modulating the pathological effects of diabetes and increasing insulin sensitivity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval Training | Experimental | Participants in HIIT group underwent 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The HIIT protocol (maximum 60 cycles per 20-minute session) includes 8-second fast pedaling (approximately 80% of maximum heart rate (HR max)) followed by slow pedaling (20-30 rpm) for 12 seconds. To facilitate acceleration and limit the stagnation of the bicycle wheel, the selected resistance was very low (almost zero). |
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| Aloe Vera supplementation | Experimental | Participants in Aloe Vera group underwent supplementation with Aloe vera capsule containing 100 mg of Aloe vera gel powder in the morning immediately after waking up and one capsule after dinner. |
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| HIIT + Aloe Vera | Experimental | Participants in HIIT group underwent 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The HIIT protocol (maximum 60 cycles per 20-minute session) includes 8-second fast pedaling (approximately 80% of maximum heart rate (HR max)) followed by slow pedaling (20-30 rpm) for 12 seconds. To facilitate acceleration and limit the stagnation of the bicycle wheel, the selected resistance was very low (almost zero). Additionally, patients underwent supplementation with Aloe Vera capsules in the morning and after the dinner. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The control group continued their daily life activities for 12 weeks |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Behavioral | The HIIT group underwent intervention with high intensity interval training. The second group was treated only with aloe vera supplementation for 12 weeks. A third group underwent a combination of HIIT and supplementation, while a fourth - CON group kept usual activities during the intervention duratino |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| METRNL - Meteorin Like, Glial Cell Differentiation Regulator | Plasma METRNL content was measured using a special kit (Mybiosource company, USA) with a sensitivity of <0.64 ng / ml, range of 1.56-100 ng / ml by ELISA method | Baseline and 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) | GPx was measured using a special kit (abcam company, USA) through ELISA method. | Baseline and 12 weeks |
| Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) | SOD was measured using a special kit (Abcam company, USA) through ELISA method. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anja Lazić, Prof. | Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport and Physical education, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli, Amol, Iran | Āmol | Iran |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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The participants were blinded for the supplementation.
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| Aloe vera | Dietary Supplement | Aloe Vera group was treated only with aloe vera supplementation for 12 weeks. |
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| Baseline and and 12 weeks |
| Total antioxidant blood capacity (TAD) | TAD was measured using a special kit (Abcam company, USA) through ELISA method. | Baseline and 12 weeks |
| Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) | MDA was measured using a special kit (Abcam company, USA) through ELISA method. | Baseline and 12 weeks |
| D001519 | Behavior |