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The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a combined supplementation [n-3 PUFA (known to induce anti-inflammatory effects) plus vitamin E (known for its antioxidant properties)] on lipidic, glycemic, redox status and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, considering that exercise, at high intensities, can induce a transient inflammatory state and increase oxidative stress (OS) markers, the investigators tested if our nutritional intervention could attenuate this response within this population (thus, using high intensity exercise as inductor of acute inflammatory/OS state).
Herein the investigators tested the effect of eight weeks of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and vitamin E supplementation before and after an acute high intensity exercise bout on lipid profile, glycemic, redox and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Thirty T2DM patients, without chronic complications, took part in this study. Blood and urine samples were collected after 12 h-fasting state for baseline biochemical analysis. Thereafter, subjects performed an incremental workload VO2max test on a cycle ergometer to determine the load of the high intensity submaximal exercise. On the following week, blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise test for measurements of oxidative stress (OS) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Afterwards, participants were randomly allocated into two groups: placebo (gelatin) and n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks. Then, the examination protocol and the exercise test were repeated and the samples collected.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| n-3 PUFA Group | Experimental | Subjects receiving n-3 PUFA (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks. |
|
| Placebo Group | Placebo Comparator | Subjects receiving gelatin capsules (500mg). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n-3 PUFA Group | Dietary Supplement | Participants received n-3 PUFA capsules (capsules containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 2 mg of vitamin E). Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks, distributed between breakfast, lunch and dinner. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes on hs-CRP (High-sensitivity C reactive protein) | Marker of inflammation expressed in mg/dL | Measured before the supplementation (baseline) and after eight weeks of supplementation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes on F2-isoprostanes | Marker of oxidative stress expressed in ng/mL | Measured before the supplementation (baseline) and after eight weeks of supplementation |
| Changes on thiobarbituric acid reactivity |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rogério Friedman, PhD | Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre | Pôrto Alegre | Rio Grande do Sul | 90035-903 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29713249 | Derived | Fayh APT, Borges K, Cunha GS, Krause M, Rocha R, de Bittencourt PIH Jr, Moreira JCF, Friedman R, da Silva Rossato J, Fernandes JR, Reischak-Oliveira A. Effects of n-3 fatty acids and exercise on oxidative stress parameters in type 2 diabetic: a randomized clinical trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Apr 23;15:18. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0222-2. eCollection 2018. |
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All data, including body composition, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and metabolites.
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The selected subjects were referred to the University laboratory. During their first visit, the subjects were submitted to perform the first high intensity sub-maximal test. In the same day, volunteers received the supplementation capsules that should be taken throughout eight weeks, as described in the supplementation section.
The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) group placebo and (2) n-3 PUFA group. After the supplementation period, all subjects reported back to hospital to biochemical testing and thereafter to the university exercise laboratory for the second high intensity sub-maximal test, following the same protocol described above.
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|
| Placebo Group | Dietary Supplement | Participants received capsules containing 500 mg of gelatin.Three capsules were ingested daily for eight weeks, distributed between breakfast, lunch and dinner. |
|
Marker of oxidative stress expressed in nmol/mL
| Measured before the supplementation (baseline) and after eight weeks of supplementation |
| Changes on Total Antioxidant activity | Marker of oxidative stress expressed in contains per minute | Measured before the supplementation (baseline) and after eight weeks of supplementation |