the Impact of Ketamine Gargling on the Incidence of Post Intubation Sore Throat

Evaluating the Impact of Ketamine Gargling on Post Intubation Sore Throat: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Tracheal intubation often causes trauma to the airway mucosa, leading to postoperative sore throat (POST), which has been reported to occur in 21-65% of cases. While considered a minor complication, POST can contribute to postoperative discomfort and patient dissatisfaction.

Patients have ranked POST as the eighth most adverse effect during the postoperative period. Various methods, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological, have been explored to mitigate POST with varying degrees of success. Non-pharmacological approaches include using smaller-sized endotracheal tubes, lubricating the tube with water-soluble jelly, employing careful airway instrumentation, ensuring intubation after full relaxation, employing gentle oropharyngeal suctioning, minimizing intracuff pressure, and deflating the tracheal tube cuff completely before extubation, all of which have been reported to reduce the incidence of POST.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients from both sex and aged between 18 and 45 years.
• All participants were scheduled for elective laparoscopic appendectomy or cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.
• Classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I or II.
• Intubation duration is less than 90 minutes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients classified as ASA III or higher.
• Patients exhibiting symptoms of sore throat prior to entering the operating room, or presenting with any respiratory illness or signs of respiratory infection.
• Patients who smoke.
• Patients with a history of allergy to drugs used in this study.
• Patients who are addicted to steroid drugs (inhaled or oral).
• Patients with predicted difficult airway and intubation, indicated by a Mallampati score of II or higher.
• Obese patients with a BMI exceeding 35.
• Patients with neurological diseases.