Comparing Single Dose and Multiple Dose of Dexamethasone Post TKA

Efficacy of Intravenous Dexamethasone Injection Given 12 and 24 Hours for Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the efficacy of single dose and double dose of dexamethasone after primary total knee replacement.

The main question[s] it aims to answer [is/are]:

Does 24 hours-interval of double dose of dexamethasone have better analgesic effect than single dose and 12 hours interval of double dose of dexamethasone after primary total joint replacement?

Researchers will compare double dose of dexamethasone group to see if [insert effects].

Participants will [describe the main tasks participants will be asked to do, interventions they'll be given and use bullets if it is more than 2 items].

1. Randomized patients into 3 groups

   • Group 1: Patients received only Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg IV before surgery.
   • Group 2: Patients received Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg IV before surgery and Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg at 12 hours after surgery.
   • Group 3: Patients received Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg before surgery along and Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg at 24 hours after surgery.

2. Preemptive analgesia Alprazolam 0.5 mg. 1 tablet, Pregabalin 75 mg. 1 tablet before bedtime Celecoxib 400 mg. 1 tablet, Omeprazole 20 mg 1 mg tablet, Paracetamol 500 mg 2 tablets and 1 Ondansetron 4 mg 1 tablet at 1 hour before surgery.

3. The researcher will give an injection. Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg injection form together with Cefazolin 1 gm injection form by the anesthesiologist 30 minutes before surgery.

4. Spinal Anesthesia by an anesthesiologist before surgery The anesthetic component consists of 0.5% Bupivacaine 15 mg, which does not contain morphine, along with local anesthesia in the thigh area (Adductor canal block) with a mixture of 0.5% Bupivacaine 15 mg.

5. All patients will undergo knee replacement surgery in the same manner

6. Periarticular cocktail injection The drug contains Tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg, Morphine 5 mg, Adrenaline 0.5 mg, 5% Bupivacaine 200 mg (Marcaine 1 amp), Ketorolac 30 mg (1 amp) mixed with saline (Normal saline) until 75 ml of area is obtained. The injection site is placed around the knee joint and knee capsule.

7. After surgery, the patient will stay in the recovery room for 2 hours to take care of their symptoms.

8. Pain relievers after surgery include

   • Parecoxib (Dynastat) 40 mg injection every 12 hours for the first 2 days after knee replacement surgery, then change the medicine to Celecoxib 400 mg. 1 tablet after breakfast
   • Paracetamol 500 mg. 2 tablets every 6 hours for the first 2 days after knee replacement surgery. After that, give Paracetamol 500 mg. 2 tablets pro for pain every 6 hours
   • Pregabalin 75 mg. 1 tablet po hs
   • Morphine 3 mg injection every 4 hours for patients with a pain score greater than 4 points (VAS-P score ≥4)
   • Ondansetron 4 mg IV prn for nausea and vomitting every 6 hours
   • Alprazolam 0.5 mg 1 tab po hs
   • Cefazolin 1 gm IV every 6 hours for the first 24 hours after surgery

9. Group 2 patients will receive Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg as an injection after surgery at 12 hours, and patients in Group 3 will receive Dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg as injection at 24 hours after surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis of knee joint
• Undergo unilateral primary total knee replacement
• Age between 50-85 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergy to dexamethasone
• History of long term corticosteroid used
• New York heart association (NYHA) class > II
• Type 2 Diabetes mellitus that had HbA1c > 7 % or FBS > 200 mg/dl
• Chronic kidney disease > stage III or eGFR < 60
• Cirrhosis Child class B or C
• Cannot use pain controlled as protocol
• History of previous knee surgery
• History of previous septic arthritis at knee joint