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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a morning exercise intervention on sleep (quality and duration), mood (positive affect, anxiety, depression, anger), stress and productivity among undergraduate students (18-23 years) evening-exercisers with poor self-reported sleep quality.
Aim 1. Compared to the control condition, evening-exercisers prescribed morning exercise will exhibit improved sleep quality (increased efficiency, decreased fragmentation) and increased sleep duration.
Aim 2. Compared to the control condition, evening-exercisers prescribed morning exercise will exhibit improved mood (increased positive affect, decreased depression, anxiety and anger).
Aim 3. Compared to the control condition, evening-exercisers prescribed morning exercise will exhibit decreased stress and increased productivity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Exercise | No Intervention | This arm has no intervention. Participants will continue to exercise at their normal evening time (6pm-11pm). | |
| Morning Exercise | Experimental | Participants will change their exercise times to the morning (6am-11am). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning Exercise | Behavioral | Exercise is changed from normal (6pm-11pm) exercise to morning (6am-11am) exercise. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep Quality | Determine if, compared to a control condition (maintaining usual schedule), shifting exercise from evening to morning improves sleep (quality and duration). Sleep quality includes variables such as the actigraph measured sleep period, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. Sleep quality and duration will be measured using wrist actigraphy, specifically the Phillips Actiwatch Spectrum Plus devices. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale will also be utilized to measure sleep quality, where scores range from 0-24 and higher scores signify more exhaustion and poorer sleep quality. | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mood | Determine if, compared to a control condition (maintaining usual schedule), shifting exercise from evening to morning improves mood (positive affect, depression, anxiety, anger). This will be measure using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short form questionnaires for anger, anxiety, depression, and positive affect. Each subsection has a separate score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anger (scores range from 5-25), anxiety (scores range from 8-40), depression (scores range from 8-40), or positive affect (scores range from 15-75) for each subsection. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research Coordinator | Contact | 610-304-1363 | cc2250@kines.rutgers.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andrea Spaeth, PhD | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| College Avenue Gym | Recruiting | New Brunswick | New Jersey | 08901 | United States |
The only IDP sharing that may occur is to other vetted researchers, it will not be made available to all researchers.
The deidentified data will be sent to vetted researchers who request it after the data collection period is complete. It will only be available for those vetted researchers for 6 years after the data collection period is complete.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| 2 weeks |
| Stress | Determine if, compared to a control condition (maintaining usual schedule), shifting exercise from evening to morning improves stress levels. This will be measured using the Perceived Stress Scale published in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior in 1983. Higher scores indicate higher stress levels with scores ranging from 0 to 56. | 2 weeks |
| Productivity | Determine if, compared to a control condition (maintaining usual schedule), shifting exercise from evening to morning increases productivity. This will be measured using a 5-item questionnaire with a 4-answer scale of poor to excellent (1-4, respectively). The items ask about overall productivity, class attendance, time management, memory, and ability to maintain attention. Higher scores indicate greater productivity with scores ranging from 5 to 20. | 2 weeks |
| Cook/Douglass Rec Center | Recruiting | New Brunswick | New Jersey | 08901 | United States |
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| Rutgers Fitness Center | Recruiting | New Brunswick | New Jersey | 08901 | United States |
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| Rutgers Sleep Lab | Recruiting | New Brunswick | New Jersey | 08901 | United States |
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| Livingston Rec Center | Recruiting | Piscataway | New Jersey | 08854 | United States |
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| Werblin Rec Center | Recruiting | Piscataway | New Jersey | 08854 | United States |
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